Chapter 7

Question 1

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

Answer 1

thinking

Question 2

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

Answer 2

concepts

Question 3

A(an) ________ is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts.

Answer 3

schema

Question 4

_______ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

Answer 4

Cognition

Question 5

A(an) ________ schema is also known as a cognitive script.

Answer 5

event

Question 6

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

Answer 6

Lexicon

Question 7

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

Answer 7

morpheme

Question 8

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

Answer 8

semantics

Question 9

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

Answer 9

Functional fixedness

Question 10

What is confirmation bias?

Answer 10

Tendency to focus information that confirms your existing beliefs

Question 11

______ intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation.

Answer 11

creative

Question 12

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________.

Answer 12

analyze, evaluate,
judge, compare, and contrast

Question 13

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Answer 13

Robert Sternberg

Question 14

Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we ______, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing.

Answer 14

integrate

Question 15

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ________.

Answer 15

thoughts

Question 16

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________.

Answer 16

experiences

Question 17

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a ________ concept.

Answer 17

natural

Question 18

Which researchers suggested that language determines thought?

Answer 18

Edward Sapir & Benjamin Lee Whorf

Question 19

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

Answer 19

one piece of information versus all of the information

Question 20

Niaz’s car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a
predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

Answer 20

hindsight bias

Question 21

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

Answer 21

fluid

Question 22

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

Answer 22

Analytical

Question 23

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can’t find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

Answer 23

Mild

Question 24

Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, “A Bear in the Woods,” and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

Answer 24

Linguistic

Question 25

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

Answer 25

Severe

Question 26

Which of the following is key to generating a bell curve? A. sample size B. norming C. population size D. Flynn effect

Answer 26

Sample size

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept? A. dog breeds B. patriotism C. categories of psychology D. types of cars

Answer 27

Patriotism

Question 28

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________.

Answer 28

automatic

Question 29

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends’ moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

Answer 29

Interpersonal

Question 30

In Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, ________ intelligence and ________ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence.

Answer 30

interpersonal ; intrapersonal

Question 31

What is the Flynn effect?

Answer 31

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation.

Question 32

Schemata are a(an) ________.

Answer 32

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Question 33

What impact did Genie’s early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(an) ________.

Answer 33

mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

Question 34

What do the concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

Answer 34

All of the concepts are examples of mental set

Question 35

Which of the following is Not one of the four indices of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children? A. perceptual reasoning B. working memory C. processing memory D. verbal comprehension

Answer 35

Processing memory

Question 36

Which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability? a. mild b. profound c. modest d. Severe

Answer 36

c. modest

Question 37

Children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they_______

Answer 37

experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

Question 38

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ____

Answer 38

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Question 39

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen’s article, “How Much Can We Boost I.Q. and Achievement?”

Answer 39

Level II intelligence is most prevalent among Asians, followed by Caucasians, then African Americans.

Question 40

Anywhere between 30–70% of individuals with diagnosed cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) also have some sort of ________.

Answer 40

learning disability