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BIOL 1000 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

All life forms have:

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Nucleic acids
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Plasma mem.
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2
Q

Chromosome

A

Structures of protein and dna

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3
Q

Plasmid

A

Super coiled dna structures

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4
Q

Ribosomes

A

Manufacture proteins

Contain RNA and proteins

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5
Q

Organelles

A

Mem. bound compartment inside cell that contains enzymes

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6
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Protein filaments - maintain cell shape

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7
Q

Plasma mem.

A

Phospholipid bilayer

inside holds all cell contents - excluding nucleus

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8
Q

Bacterial structure component

A

peptidoglycan
some outer mem of glycolipids

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9
Q

Flagellum

A

Used for swimming (movement)

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10
Q

Fimbriae

A

Used for adhering

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11
Q

Eukaryotic cells divided into

A

cytosol

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12
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid between plasma mem and organelles

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13
Q

Compartment advantages

A
  1. surface provides location for mem. proteins
  2. chemical rxn separated
  3. efficient chemical rxn
  4. molecule transport within cells
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14
Q

Nucleus

A

contains chromosomes

enclosed by nuclear envelope

admin centre

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15
Q

Nucleolus

A

RNA molecule in ribosome are
manufactured

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

Manufacture proteins

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17
Q

Endoplasmic Rectilum

A

portion of nuclear envelope

extends into cytoplasm to form mem. enclosed factory

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18
Q

Rough ER

A

ribosomes attached to mem.

synthesis of proteins to function in ER or export to diff. destination

interior sac (lumen)

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19
Q

Smooth ER

A

no ribosomes

makes mem. lipids

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20
Q

Lumen

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A

where proteins undergo folding and processing in RER

21
Q

Golgi Apparatus

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A

Proteins from RER pass cis –> trans

consists of stacks of mem. sacs called cisternae

22
Q

Cis

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A

Facing nucleus

receives RER products (cargo)

23
Q

Trans

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A

Facing plasma mem.

ships cargo

24
Q

Cisternae

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A

Stacked mem. sacs in Golgi Apparatus

25
Lysosomes
Recycling centre hydrolyzes macromolecules
26
Acid Hydrolase
Digestive enzyme in lysosomes
27
Endomembrane system
Centre for producing, processing, and transporting proteins + lipids eg) synthesized in ER, processed in Golgi, shipped to Lysosome
28
Vacuoles
Contain hydrolase storage depots
29
Peroxisomes
Globular organelle single mem. originates as vesicle from ER site for redox rxn
30
Mitochondria
divides independently primarily responsible for supplying ATP 2 mem.
31
Cristae
inner mem. sac within mitochondria has folds to increase surface area
32
Mitochondrial matrix
solution enclosed in mitochondria's inner mem.
33
Chloroplasts
convert light to energy 2 mem. divides independently gains 3rd mem.
34
Thylakoid
independent network of sac structures chloroplast's 3rd mem.
35
Stroma
region between thylakoid and inner mem. of chloroplasts
36
Grana
name of thylakoid stacks
37
Endosymbiosis theory
mitochondria and chloroplast were engulfed by ancestors and formed a symbiotic relationship
38
Cytoskeleton
protein fibres give cell shape and structural support involved in moving materials within itself and the cell organizes all organelles and cellular structures into a cohesive whole
39
Cell wall
located outside plasma mem. structural support rods/fibres composed of carbohydrates run through a stiff matrix made of polysaccarides + proteins
40
Differential centrifugation
isolate particular cell components and analyze chemical composition breaking cells apart to create a complex mix + separating parts in a centrifuge
41
Nuclear envelope
separates nucleus from rest of cell perforated with pore openings formed by the nuclear pore complex structure supported by fibrous nuclear lamina
42
Nuclear lamina
extends through inner and outer mem. connecting the inside of nucleus with cytosol
43
Nuclear pore complex
Exchange of information between nucleus and cytoplasm serves as a gate to control passage through the nuclear envelope
44
Nucleoplasmin
strictly found in nucleus composed of 5 identical polypeptide subunits each with an amino-acid sequence found at the N-terminus (core) and C-terminus (tail) a 17 amino-acid chain had to be present to direct nucleoplasmin to the nucleus
45
17 Amino-acid chain
Nuclear localization sequence (NLS)
46
Endomembrane system
Pulse-chase proteins are trafficked through secretory pathways in a highly organized + directed manner 1) proteins enter ER synthesized by ribosome + processed, one carbohydrate is often added 2) protein exits ER inside vesicle 3) protein enters Golgi (cis) processed 4) protein exits Golgi (trans) in vesicle to plasma mem. 5) protein secreted from cell
47
Synthesis of proteins
synthesis of proteins to be secreted or embedded in mem. starts in ribosome thats free in cytosol
48
ER signal sequence
moves growing protein + associated ribosome to RER typically present in 1st 20 amino-acid and is removed after protein synthesis
49
ER signal sequence steps
1) protein synthesis begins on free ribosome in cytosol ribosome synthesizes ER signal sequence, using info mRNA carries 2) signal sequence binds to signal recognition particle (SRP) - complex of RNA + protein attached SRP causes PS to stop 3) ribosome + signal sequence + SRP moves through RER mem. attaches to SRP receptor 4) once receptor + SRP connect, SRP is released and PS continues through a channel called Translocon 5) growing protein is then fed into ER lumen and ER sequence is removed

BIOL 1000 (2 decks)

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