Chapter 7

Question 1

the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Answer 2

Cell theory

Question 3

thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; composed of two layers of lipids

Answer 3

Plasma Menbrane

Question 4

specialized structure that carry out specific cell functions

Answer 4

Organelle

Question 5

a type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles.

Answer 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Question 6

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Answer 6

Nucleus

Question 7

a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out

Answer 7

Selective permeability

Question 8

structural foundation of cell membranes; double layer of lipids arranged tail to tail

Answer 8

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 9

Cells without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Answer 9

Prokaryotic Cell

Question 10

The environment inside the plasma membrane that is a semi fluid material

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

A supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cell

Answer 11

Cytoskeleton

Question 12

The organelles that help manufacture proteins, made of two components- RNA and protein, and are not membrane bound

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

A membrane system of folded sacs, and interconnected channels that serves as the site for proteins and lipids synthesis

Answer 13

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

A flattened stack of membranes that modifies sorts and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles

Answer 14

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

A sac used to store, food enzymes and other materials needed by a cell

Answer 15

Vacuole

Question 16

Vesicles that contain substances that digest excess or worn out organelles and food particles

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

Organelles made of micro tubes that function during cell division

Answer 17

Centrioles

Question 18

Organelle that converts fuel particles into usable energy (Double membranes)

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Organelles that capture light energy and converted into chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis

Answer 19

Chloroplast

Question 20

A thick, rigid, mesh of fibers that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, protects the cell and gives it support (Plant cell)

Answer 20

Cell wall

Question 21

Short numerous projections that look like hairs on a cell

Answer 21

Celia

Question 22

Longer and less numerous than Celia. Move in a whiplike motion.

Answer 22

Flagella

Question 23

The net movement of particles from an area, where there are many particles of the substance to an area where there are fewer particles of the substance

Answer 23

Diffusion

Question 24

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 24

Osmosis

Question 25

Substances moving from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against the passive movement from higher to lower concentration

Answer 25

Active transport

Question 26

The process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, including the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane

Answer 26

Endocytosis

Question 27

The secretion of materials at the plasma membrane

Answer 27

Exocytosis