Chapter 7

Question 1

Degree of unsaturation
Halogen
Nitrogen
Only CH

Answer 1

Halogen
(2C+2)-(H+Halogen))/2
Nitrogen
(2C+2)-(H-Nitrogen))/2
Only CH
(2C+2)-H)/2

Oxygen negligible

Question 2

Largest coplainer unit

Answer 2

Double bonded carbons and finalized h atoms

Question 3

E/Z designation

Answer 3

Larger of substituents on same side Z

Larger of substituents on opposite sides E

Question 4

Stability of Alkenes

Answer 4

E designation is more stable

Monosubstituted is less stable
Larger imbalance in monosubstituted least stable

Question 5

Addition of electrophile reaction

Answer 5

HBr, other acid

Double bond becomes single bond
Non hydrogen disassociates
Positive charge at middle carbon

Question 6

When to do hydride shift

Answer 6

When you have a secondary carbocation
Carbon with no substituents and a posits charge

Hydrogen from more substituted carbon next to it will shift swapping hydrogen and positive charge

Question 7

Addition of hydrogen halides

Answer 7

HBr, HCl
Follow markovinokov
More substituted side if double bond revives halogen

Mech
Double bond goes to hydrogen
Bond between hydrogen and halogen goes to halogen
Positive charge goes to more substituted carbon
Halogen joins more substituted carbon getting rid of carbocation