Chapter 7 Flashcards
Families headed by single women are now _____ as likely to be poor compared to families headed by single men.
-twice
-three times
-four times
-five times
twice
The idea that a society’s productivity will be optimized to the extent that jobs are awarded based on competency is supported by the _____ argument against discrimination.
-utilitarian
-rights-based
-justice-based
-distributive
utilitarian
Which of the following types of discrimination has widespread effects within an organization because it is based on processes and policies?
-Intentional
-Unintentional
-Individual
-Institutional
Institutional
Which of the following arguments against discrimination supports the view that discrimination arbitrarily closes off to minorities and women the more desirable positions, thereby not giving them an opportunity equal to others?
-Nonutilitarian
-Rights-based
-Justice-based
-Kantian
Justice-based
Which of the following describes an indication that discrimination exists because there is a disproportionate number of a protected group in less desirable positions within the organization?
-Prima facie
-Intionality
-Adverse impact
-Affirmative action
Prima facie
Which of the follow is an outcome of Supreme Court rulings that pertain to affirmative action programs in the workplace?
-Race and gender can be the only factors in an affirmative action program.
-Affirmative action programs must have specific quota goals.
-Affirmative action programs must be temporary and narrowly tailored to achieve their objectives.
-Affirmative action programs cannot be used to increase diversity at public institutions.
Affirmative action programs must be temporary and narrowly tailored to achieve their objectives
Which of the following is a goal of affirmation action programs from an equal justice perspective?
-To place society’s benefits and burdens on protected classes
-To neutralize competitive advantages
-To neutralize unconscious bias in To eliminate the need for a more just society
-To eliminate the need for a more just society.
To neutralize unconscious bias in employment decisions
Which of the following supports the idea that people have an obligation to pay those whom they have intentionally and unjustly wronged?
-Affirmative action
-Compensatory justice
-Quotas
-Increasing utility
Compensatory justice
Opponents of affirmative action programs have argued that criteria besides race and sex must be considered when making job decisions. Which of the following indicates the need for the inclusion of other criteria?
-If only race and sex are used as criteria, the result will be the hiring of unqualified workers.
-Productivity will remain steady but will not improve if hiring is done on the basis of race and sex.
-Only women and minorities with equal skills and qualifications should be considered.
-The Civil Rights Act of 1964 does not allow employers to correct programs that are not morally unjust.
If only race and sex are used as criteria, the result will be the hiring of unqualified workers
Which of the following was designed to protect people who have a physical or mental limitation that might prevent them from doing some aspect of a job?
-Age Discrimination in Employment Act
-Affirmative action
-Quotas
-Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Which of following best describes the idea that individuals who are equal in all respects relevant to a type of treatment should be treated equally even if they are dissimilar in other, nonrelevant respects.
-Kantian arguments
-Stereotyping
-Cultural traditions
-Principles of equality
Principles of equality
Of all the new jobs created during the past two decades, how many of them require education beyond high school?
-one-tenth
-one-quarter
-one-third
-one-half
one-third
Which of the following arguments are used by those organizations that support the goal of diversity in the workforce?
-Affirmative action plans eliminate reverse discrimination.
-Global marketplaces can only be developed with exposure to diversity.
-Racial discrimination still exists today and must be ended.
-Sexism and racist bigotry deny women and minorities opportunities.
Global marketplaces can only be developed with exposure to diversity
According to the utilitarian argument against discrimination, jobs should be assigned based on _____ as long as such assignments advance the public welfare.
-gender
-qualifications
-education
-race
qualifications
Which of the following is a criticism of current affirmative action plans?
-They work to eliminate discrimination in the future, but they do not correct past wrongs.
-They work to protect the opportunities of women and minorities, but not other groups.
-They work to correct past wrongs, not prevent further discrimination.
-They work to provide additional compensation to those that have been wronged, but do not work to protect entire groups.
They work to correct past wrongs, not prevent further discrimination
Which of the following is carried out as the result of unconscious factors such as processes that have unintended outcomes?
-Intentional discrimination
-Unintentional discrimination
-Individual discrimination
-Institutional discrimination
Unintentional discrimination
Which of the following is cited as one reason why minorities make less money than whites?
-Minorities are steered into low-paying professions such as education.
-Minorities face a glass ceiling as they advance in their career.
-Sexual harassment is greater for minorities than other groups, including women.
-Minorities need skills and education but have a comparative lack of both.
Minorities needs skills and education but have a comparative lack of both
Which of the following must be involved in order to have discrimination in employment?
-The discrimination must be based on long-standing beliefs about a person or group.
-The decision must be based on prejudice.
-The decision must be based on individual merit.
-The decision must be supported by the institution or organization.
The decision must be based on prejudice
Decisions based on _____ are decisions based on ideas about race, gender, or other stereotypes.
-a negative impact
-a harmful impact
-individual merit
-prejudice
prejudice
Which of the following describes the relationship between pay and the number of women working in an occupation?
-The more women in an occupation, the higher the pay for that occupation.
-The more women in an occupation, the lower the pay for that occupation.
-The fewer women in an occupation, the higher the pay for women in that occupation.
-The fewer women in an occupation, the lower the pay for everyone in that occupation.
The more women in an occupation, the lower the pay for that occupation
Which of the following provides for a way to measure the success of affirmative action programs?
- A clear identification of the purpose of the study
-Specific and measurable quotas
-A comparison of women and minorities in each job classification
-Coordinated increased recruitment of women and minorities
Specific and measurable quotas
Which type of sexual harassment occurs when superiors or other workers engage in unwelcome sexual conduct that results in a workplace that is offensive or abusive to an employee?
-Hostile environment harassment
-Coercive
-Quid pro quo
-Implicit
Hostile environment harassment
