Chapter 7 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Right Atrium
Tricuspid valve (prevents backflow)
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve (prevents backflow)
Left Atrium
Mitral (bicuspid) valve (prevents backflow)
Left Ventricle
Aortic valve (prevents backflow)
Conduction System of Heart
Sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)-> Atrioventricular (AV) node -> Bundle of His (AV bundle) and its branches -> Purkinje fibers
Artery
- Carries blood away from heart
- Thick wall
- A lot of smooth muscle
- No valves
- Make use of pumping of heart to push blood
Capillary
- Carries blood from arterioles to venules
- Very thin (one cell layer) walls
- No smooth muscle
- No valves
Vein
- Carries blood toward heart
- Thin wall
- A little smooth muscle (allows stretching to store most of blood in body)
- Has valves (one way flow of blood toward heart)
- Uses skeletal muscle contractions to push blood
Right Side of Heart vs Left Side of Heart
Right side: pumps blood into lower-resistance circuit at lower pressures, so less muscle
Left side: pumps blood into higher-resistance circuit at higher pressures, so more muscle
Autonomic Innervation
Controls heart rate via sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system
Plasma
Aqueous mixture of nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, and blood proteins (clotting proteins, immunoglobulins, etc.)
Blood Donation/Receiving
Hematocrit
Measures percentage of blood sample occupied by RBCs.
* Measured in percentage points
Lymphocytes
Leukocyte involved in specific immune defense
Platelets
Cellular fragments/shards given off by megakaryocytes in bone barrow
Blood Cell Types with Nuclei
Leukocytes:
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4. Monocytes/macrophages
5. Lymphocytes
Blood Cell Types without Nuclei
- Erythrocytes
- Platelets
Opening up more capillary beds (in parallel)…
Decreases overall resistance of circuit
Bicarbonate Buffer System
CO2 is byproduct of metabolism that’s used here
* Catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
- Amount of Oxygen delivery seen as drop in y-value (% hemoglobin saturation)
- blood 100% saturated while in lungs and only 80% while in tissues and 20% after tissue release
Right Shift:
Increased CO2, increased [H+], decreased pH, increased temperature, increased 2,3-BPG.
Left Shift:
Decreased CO2, decreased [H+], increased pH, decreased temperature, decreased 2,3-BPG
Coagulation Cascade
Started: exposure of collagen and tissue factor
Stabilized: fibrin
Erythrocytes
- Contain hemoglobin
- Anaerobic
- No nucleus
- Phagocytized in spleen and liver after some time
Hemoglobin
- Decreasing pH decreases hemoglobins affinity for O2
- Affinity for O2 lowered in exercising muscle
- Increased pH increases affinity
- Higher affinity in fetal blood than maternal
Circulatory Pathway
Superior vena cava (BP ~ 0) -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta (high BP)
