chapter 7

Question 1

George Washington

Answer 1

an honest leader, a hero of the revolution, and the first U.S. president

Question 2

Precedent

Answer 2

an action or a decision that later serves as an example

Question 3

Judiciary Act of 1789

Answer 3

an act that created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationships to the state courts

Question 4

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 4

the first secretary of the U.S. treasury

Question 5

Loose construction

Answer 5

the view that the federal government can take reasonable actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid

Question 6

Strict construction

Answer 6

the view that the federal government should do only what the Constitution specifically says it can do

Question 7

Neutrality Proclamation

Answer 7

a formal statement that the U.S. would not take sides with any European countries who were at war

Question 8

Jay’s Treaty

Answer 8

an agreement that settled the disputes between the U.S. and Great Britain in the early 1790s

Question 9

Pinckney’s Treaty

Answer 9

an agreement that settled border and trade disputes with Spain

Question 10

Battle of Fallen Timbers

Answer 10

the battle that broke the strength of Native American forces in the Northwest Territory

Question 11

Treaty of Greenville

Answer 11

an agreement that gave the U.S. right of entry to American Indian lands

Question 12

Political parties

Answer 12

groups that help elect people and shape politics

Question 13

Federalist party

Answer 13

a political group that wanted a strong federal government and supported industry and trade

Question 14

Democratic-Republican Party

Answer 14

a political group that wanted to limit the federal
government’s powers

Question 15

XYZ affair

Answer 15

a French demand for a $250,000 bribe and a $12 million loan in exchange for a treaty

Question 16

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 16

laws that punished supporters of France and deprived people of the freedom to say and write what they believed

Question 17

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 17

the first secretary of state

Question 18

Why did Thomas Jefferson criticize U.S. policy toward France?

Answer 18

He believed the U.S. owed France support since France backed it during the Revolutionary War

Question 19

What were the names of the two political parties in the election of 1796?

Answer 19

Democratic-Republicans and Federalists

Question 20

Why did President Washington lead an army against the farmers in the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 20

People needed to understand the constitutional right of Congress to institute tax laws

Question 21

Why were the Alien and Sedition Acts passed?

Answer 21

To eliminate opposition to war

Question 22

In 1790, how did Americans feel about the future of their new government?

Answer 22

Their expectations were high because they trusted their leaders to protect their economic and security interests

Question 23

What 2 reasons did some Americans protest Jay’s Treaty?

Answer 23

1. They thought it hurt trade 2. Failed to make the British pay for slaves the British freed during the Revolutionary War

Question 24

Why did Native Americans go to war in the early 1790s?

Answer 24

Because Americans continued to settle the Northwest Territory

Question 25

Name two reasons why Congress passed a tax on American-made whiskey.

Answer 25

1. To raise money to pay off the federal debt 2. To test the power of the federal government to control states’ actions

Question 26

Why was the election of 1796 different from the previous election?

Answer 26

Political parties began to form and, as a result, more than one candidate ran for president

Question 27

What did Adams hope to accomplish by sending diplomats to France?

Answer 27

Improve French relations

Question 28

What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789?

Answer 28

Set up three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationships to the state courts

Question 29

How did Washington respond to conflicts between France and Great Britain?

Answer 29

Issued the Neutrality Proclamation, stating that the U.S. would not take sides in European conflicts

Question 30

How did Jefferson and Hamilton’s views on how to promote economic growth differ?

Answer 30

Hamilton-promote manufacturing and business and pass higher tariffs Jefferson-promote agriculture and keep tariffs low

Question 31

What economic problems did the U.S. face?

Answer 31

National debt;