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Intro To Psych > Chapter 7 - 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - 13 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Logical Concept:

A

Clearly defined rules for membership things like

  • Math
  • Triangle has three sides
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2
Q

Natural Concept

A

Fuzzy rules for membership

  • Freedom
  • Justice
  • Honor
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3
Q

Concepts:

A

Mental categories we use to group objects, events, and ideas according to their features.

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4
Q

Problem-solving

A
  1. Algorithms
  2. Heuristics
  3. Insight
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5
Q

Algorithms

A

Step-by-step set of rules with a definite solution

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6
Q

Heuristics

A

Rule of thumb but, theres no guaranteed solution

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7
Q

Insight

A

The aha moment

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8
Q

Mental roadblock set impede decision making

A
  1. Availability
  2. Heuristics
  3. Functional fixedness
  4. Mental set
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9
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Base decisions on examples we most easily recall

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10
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Inability to see how familiar objects can be used in new ways

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11
Q

Mental set

A

Rely on strategies that worked well in similar situations in the past

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12
Q

Grammar VS Syntax

A

Grammar rules of word

Syntax rules of grammar

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13
Q

Motives

A

Goal directed behavior

Reason for doing something

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14
Q

Needs

A

State of deprivation or deficiency

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15
Q

Drive

A

Bodily tension that makes me move

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16
Q

Primary drives

A

Food and water

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17
Q

Secondary drive

A

Money, respect, and ones goals

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18
Q

Balance body

A

Homeostasis

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19
Q

Psychosocial need

A

Self actualization:

Need for achievement and a social life

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20
Q

Need for food

A

Last on the pyramid

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21
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

Excitement phase
Plateau phase
Orgasmic phase
Resolution phase

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22
Q

Maturation

A

Biological unfolding of the organisms underlying genetic code

Getting old

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23
Q

Stages of prenatal development

A

Germinal stage
Embryonic stage
Fetal

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24
Q

Germinal stage

A

Time from fertilization through implantation

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25
Embryonic stage
Implantation, eight weeks, and major organs formed
26
Fetal
Fetus develops, growing until birth
27
Teratogens
Environmental causes Drugs Alcohol X-rays
28
The Good Stuff
Vitamins | Folic acid
29
Infant sensory, perceptual, and learning abilities
Around six months depth perception Perceptual vision is blurry Learning abilities remembers faces and certain behaviors
30
Piaget’s terms
Conservation: same amount example Centration: concentrate on one aspect of a problem and forget the others Egocentrism: view the world only from one’s own perspective child believes everyone can see and hear and feels just like them
31
Carol Gilligan
Women are the caregivers worried more about the children Men are more about justice
32
Kübler (Stages of dying)
Last one acceptance
33
Stress
Pressure to help adjust or adapt to its environment
34
Distress VS Stress
Distress: may take form of serious psychological problems like anxiety and depression Stress: A good amount can be beneficial
35
Little stressors are known as
hassles
36
Major sources of stress
1. Money 2. Work 3. Relationships 4. Family relationships
37
What is a conflict?
Tension between two or more competing goals
38
Personality
Stable lineup of characteristics and behaviors that build who we are over time
39
Type A
Impatient, competitive, or aggressive
40
Type b
Easy-going and maintains low levels of stress
41
Locus of Control:
External out of control versus internal in control The degree wether people believe they have control over the outcome of events or not
42
Psycho analytic theory
Personality shipped by unconscious forces and conflicts
43
Oedipus complex
Infectious feelings towards opposite sex parents and sees same gender parent as rival
44
Structure of personality
ID: unconscious, animal drives Ego: balance between animal drives and social realties Super ego: moral guardian or conscience
45
Traits Theories
Allport: believed personality traits are inherited but are influenced by experience Cardinal- persuasive trait becomes ones identity Secondary- certain situations Central- characteristics in almost everyone Cattell: believed that there are two basic levels of traits, surface traits and source traits ``` Eysenck: Intro- reserved Extra-outgoing Neuro- worrisome Psychoticism- cold anti social ``` Five Factor Model ``` O C E A N ```
46
Albert Bandura
Reciprocal determinism: person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.
47
Humanistic theory
Self actualization
48
Individualistic
A culture that emphasizes personal accomplishment and identity
49
Collectivistic
A culture that emphasizes peoples obligations and social roles
50
First impressions
First glimpse judged
51
Stereotyping
Influence his first impression EX: fraternity students big drinkers
52
Attributions
Personal explanation about why someone did something EX: guy is late with my pizza because he was eating shit
53
Dispositional attribution
Lazy Late pizza guy
54
Situational attribution
Late because of traffic
55
Components of attitude
Emotional cognitive and behavioral
56
Self disclosure
process of communication by which one person reveals information about themself to another.
57
Robert Sternberg
Triangle of love Intimacy Passion Decision/Commitment
58
Hallucinations
See and hear things are not really happening (perception)
59
Delusion
False beliefs
60
Perception VS Beliefs
Perception receiving sensory info Belief convictions that things held in the mind are true. If individuals think particular tenets are likely to be true,
61
To measure abnormal behavior psychologist use the:
Biopsychosocial model
62
Personality disorder
Rigid personality impairs peoples ability to adjust to social environments with others
63
Levels of consciousness
Unconscious Preconscious conscious

Intro To Psych (2 decks)

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