Chapter 7

Question 1

memory store that temporarily hold information when it is being actively operated upon

Answer 1

working memory

Question 2

in information processing, the holding of information in the long-term memory store

Answer 2

storage

Question 3

knowledge of the human mind and of the range of learning processes

Answer 3

metacognition

Question 4

lack of memory for the early years of a person’s life

Answer 4

childhood amnesia

Question 5

mistake made when using a strategy that was previously successful despite its current lack of success

Answer 5

perseveration error

Question 6

loss of memory for information and events occurring before the incident that caused memory loss

Answer 6

retrograde amnesia

Question 7

identification of an object or event as one that has been experienced before

Answer 7

recognition memory

Question 8

process of weakening a response by removing a pleasant stimulus after the desired behavior occurs

Answer 8

negative punishment

Question 9

first memory store in information processing in which stimuli are briefly available for further processing

Answer 9

sensory register

Question 10

mental representation of a typical sequence of actions related to an event created in memory

Answer 10

script

Question 11

memory of events an individual has personally experienced

Answer 11

eyewitness memory

Question 12

strategy for remembering that involves adding something to the information one is trying to retain

Answer 12

elaboration

Question 13

process of recovering information from long-term memory when it is needed

Answer 13

retrieval

Question 14

retrieval of objects, events, and experiences when examples or cues are not provided

Answer 14

recall memory

Question 15

type of explicit memory consisting of specific experiences

Answer 15

episodic memory

Question 16

person’s existing information about a content area

Answer 16

knowledge base

Question 17

process of getting information into the information-processing system

Answer 17

encode

Question 18

level of memory loss between normal loss with age and pathological loss from disease

Answer 18

mild cognitive impairment

Question 19

process of strengthening a response by removing an unpleasant stimulus after a desired behavior occurs

Answer 19

negative reinforcement

Question 20

concept that older people cope with aging through strategy that focuses on skills most needed

Answer 20

selective optimization with compensation

Question 21

memory store in which limited amounts of information are temporarily held

Answer 21

short-term memory

Question 22

memory that occurs unintentionally and without consciousness or awareness

Answer 22

implicit memory

Question 23

in information processing, processing and organizing of information into a form suitable for long-term storage

Answer 23

consolidation

Question 24

view that verbatim and general accounts of an event are stored separately in memory

Answer 24

fuzzy-trace theory

Question 25

Niall hears a new song on the radio and immediately knows that it will be perfect for his wedding. Which part of Niall’s working memory is processing the song before it goes into his long-term memory?

Answer 25

phonological loop

Question 26

What is the process that occurs over days and years to move memories from the hippocampus into long-term memory called?

Answer 26

system consolidation

Question 27

the typical sequence of actions related to an event that is used to guide future behaviors in similar settings

Answer 27

a general event representation (GER)

Question 28

a problem characterized by not benefitting from the strategy of chunking

Answer 28

mediation deficiency

Question 29

When is a person more likely to recall a detailed autobiographical memory?

Answer 29

if the event was distinct or unique

Question 30

Between verbatim and gist memories, which tend to be easier to remember?

Answer 30

gist memories

Question 31

Older adults typically perform better on tasks that involve which type of memory?

Answer 31

implicit memory

Question 32

Which high school student is most likely to utilize metacognitive strategies?

Answer 32

a girl from a high-income household