Chapter 7 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is an ecosystem?
A dynamic, interactive, interconnected network of living things and the physical environment
What is meant by the term “Homeostasis”?
The state of balanced function in the body
What are ligaments?
Connective tissue attaching bones to bones
What are skeletal muscles?
Muscles that move bone
What are tendons?
Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone
What are skeletal muscles?
Muscles that move bone
What does the “Integumentary System” do?
Protects the body from outside damage and infection, from fluid loss and control body temperature.
(Eg, skin, hair, nails, sweat glands)
What does the “Skeletal System” do?
Gives the body a rigid scaffold so that it can move and hold itself up. It also protects other tissues, produces blood cells and stores minerals (calcium and potassium mostly) and some fat.
(Eg, bones, ligaments, cartilage)
What does the “Muscular System” do?
Moves us - whether it’s to move us across the room, to move blood through our blood vessels, or to move food through our intestines. It also keeps us warm.
This system includes:
- skeletal muscles = attached to bones with tendons
- cardiac muscles = that make up the heart
- smooth muscles = part of arteries and veins, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, uterus, etc.
What does the “Nervous System” do?
Receives input from the environment through specialised sensory organs (like eyes, ears, tongue, nose, skin, stretch and pain receptors in muscles etc), synthesises information, and sends out electrochemical signals that trigger thoughts, emotions, and purposeful movement as well as involuntary activity (such as breathing).
(Eg, the brain, spinal cord, as well as a vast network of nerves and supporting structures including sensory organs like eyes)
What does the “Endocrine System” do?
It’s a communication system.
(Eg, hormonal organs and glans, including the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, liver, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, testes, ovaries and more)
What does the “Circulatory System” do?
It distributes water, electrolytes, oxygens, nutrients, hormones, and enzymes and collects carbon dioxide and other byproducts throughout the body. It helps to hydrate and regulate temperature and pH .
(Eg, the heart, blood, blood vessels)
What does the “Immune System” do?
Protects against pathogens, tumour cells, and other foreign invaders.
(Eg, the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, special white blood cells)
What does the “Lymphatic System” do?
Drains tissue fluid (lymph) and brings it back to the heart. It slows down the spread of infection and even some cancers, and it also transports absorbed fats from the intestine.
(Eg, lymph, lymph vessels and lymph nodes)
What does the “Respiratory System” do?
Bring in oxygen and excretes carbon dioxide, and helps regulate pH in the body.
(Eg, the nasal cavity, trachea, lungs, and other airways and gas exchange organs)
What does the “Digestive System” do?
Breaks down and absorbs nutrients.
(Eg, oral cavity, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile duct)
What does the “Urinary System” do?
Produces, stores, and eliminates excess water, salts and waste products, and helps control pH.
(Eg, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and related organs and glands)
What does the “Reproductive System” do?
Controls reproduction as well as sexual development.
(Eg, sex organs and glands)
What are “Smooth Muscles?”
Muscles of the arteries and veins, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, uterus, and more.
What does “Electrochemical” mean?
An electrochemical process or reaction is one in which electricity is produced by a chemical reaction
What is a “pH” level?
A measure of hydrogen ion concentration, which determines the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
What is “Epithelial Tissue?”
Thin tissue making up skin and lining of gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts.
What is “Endothelial Tissue?”
Thin tissue that lines our cardiovascular system
What is “Connective Tissue?”
Tissue that makes up structures such as our joints and fascia
