chapter 7

Question 1

what are the age ranges for infants and children?

Answer 1

infants: <1 year
children: 1-9 years

Question 2

how long do women mensturate?

Answer 2

about 40 years

Question 3

how long is the post-partum period?

Answer 3

3 months

Question 4

what does maternal, infant, and child health encompass?

Answer 4

health of women of childbearing age from pre-pregnancy through pregnancy, labor and delivery, and the postpartum period, and the health of the child prior to birth through adolescence.

Question 5

what are MIC statistics important indicators of?

Answer 5

effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotions services in a community

Question 6

what challenges still remain despite a decline in MIC mortality?

Answer 6

• significant racial disparities
• low income and education

Question 7

definition of family

Answer 7

• various definitions of “family”
• concept has changed over time, depends on social and cultural norms and values, may be coceptualized differently on an individual basis.

Question 8

unmarried women are more like than married women to what?

Answer 8

experience negative birth outcomes

Question 9

teen mothers more likely to..

Answer 9

• smoke during pregnancy
• have preterm birth
• have low-birth weight babies
• have pregnancy complications

teens mother who become pregnant..
- drop out of school
- not get married
- rely on public assistance
- live in poverty

Question 10

what percentage of teenage girls get pregnant before they are 20?

Answer 10

25%

Question 11

what is family planning?

Answer 11

determining the preferred number and spacing of children and choosing the appropriate means to accomplish it

• community involvement includes governmental and non-governmental agencies

Question 12

how many pregnancies are unintended? and how may of those end in abortion?

Answer 12

50% and 43%

Question 13

what are some negative health behaviors associated with unintended pregnancies?

Answer 13

• delayed prenatal care
• inadequate weight gain
• smoking
• drug use

Question 14

what is the title X family planning act?

Answer 14

a federal progran that provides funds for family planning services for low-income people

Question 15

what does the family planning act aim to reduce?

Answer 15

unintended pregnancy by providing contraceptive and other reproductive healthcare services to low income women.

Question 16

who is margaret sanger?

Answer 16

an female activist who advocated for birth control/contraceptives
- opened america’s first birth control clinic

Question 17

comstock laws

Answer 17

set of federal acts passed by congress under US grant that prevented the mailing on contraceptives.

Question 18

what have clinics improved?

Answer 18

MIC health indicators

Question 19

each public health dollar spent saves

Answer 19

$3.74 in medicaid costs

Question 20

when is abortion legal in Roe v Wade

Answer 20

early stages of pregnancy
- first trimester: women can get an abortion
- second trimester: women can get an abortion based on state laws
- third trimester: women can only get an abortion if it’s life threatening

Question 21

what did the hyde amendment of 1976 state?

Answer 21

illegal to use federal funds for abortion unless women’s life in danger

Question 22

pro-life

Answer 22

a medical/ethical position that holds that performing abortion is an act of murder

Question 23

pro-choice

Answer 23

a medical/ethical position that holds that women have a right to reproductive freedom

Question 24

what decision overturned roe v. wade?

Answer 24

dobbs v. jackson women’s health organization

Question 25

maternal death

Answer 25

42 days after the birth of the children

Question 26

preconception care

Answer 26

medical care provided to a woman of reproductive age to promote health prior to conception

Question 27

prenatal care

Answer 27

medical care provided to a pregnant woman from the time of conception until the birth process occurs

Question 28

what factors do infant health depend on?

Answer 28

- mother's health and her health behavior prior to and during pregnancy - genetic characteristics - mother's level of prenatal - quality of delivery - infant's enviornment - nutrition - immunization

Question 29

what is infant mortality a measure of?

Answer 29

nation's health

Question 30

what are the leading causes of infant death?

Answer 30

- cogenital abnormalities - preterm/low-birth weight - SIDS - death under 1 years without a cause

Question 31

childhood mortality is

Answer 31

the most severe measure of health in children

Question 32

what is the leading and second leading cause of death in children?

Answer 32

1. gun violence 2. unintentional injuries

Question 33

what impact do unintentional injuries have?

Answer 33

- economic - emotional - disabling

Question 34

what does childhood maltreatment include?

Answer 34

- physical, sexual, and emotional abuse - neglect - abandoment - exploitation - threats to child

Question 35

what is the role of community programs in addressing child maltreatment?

Answer 35

they should be sensitive to cultural values and non-punitive

Question 36

categorical programs

Answer 36

- only available to people who fit in a specific group

Question 37

women, infants, and children program (WIC)

Answer 37

- clinic based program designed to provided nutritional and health-related good and services to pregnant, postpartum, and breastfeeding women, infants up to 1, and children up to 5.

Question 38

what are eligibility requirements for WIC?

Answer 38

- resident in application state - income requirements, at "nutritional risk"

Question 39

medicaid

Answer 39

- low-income individuals and families; children are slightly more than half of all Medicaid beneficiaries

Question 40

CHIP

Answer 40

- targets uninsured children whose families don't qualify for medicaid

Question 41

family medical leave act

Answer 41

- grants 12 weeks unpaid job-protected leave to men or women after birth of child, adoption, or illness in immediate family.

Question 42

how much does teenage pregnancy cost direct taxpayers?

Answer 42

$9 billion

Question 43

why is vaccinating early beneficial?

Answer 43

children can be protected when they are especially vulnerable, and for the rest of their life

Question 44

what is the children's defense fund?

Answer 44

aims to educate the nation about the needs of children and encourage preventive investment in children before they get sick or suffer

Question 45

what is UNICEF

Answer 45

united nations childrens fund - improves child conditions through community based services, water sanitation, and mass vaccinations.

Question 46

what is the american academy of pediatrics?

Answer 46

this academy is committed to the attainment of optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents, and young adults - research - advocacy for children and youth - public and professional education

Question 47

what is the impact of lacking health insurance on children?

Answer 47

they are more likely to have necessary care delayed or receive no care

Question 48

what are the leading causes of maternal mortality?

Answer 48

poverty and health complications during pregnancy