Chapter 7

Question 1

chemical energy

Answer 1

to enable biochemical reactions to take place

Question 2

thermal energy

Answer 2

to enable the body temperature to be maintained at an optimum 37 C

Question 3

kinetic energy

Answer 3

to enable the body to move

Question 4

electrical energy

Answer 4

to enable the brain and nervous system to function

Question 5

sound energy

Answer 5

to enable sound production through the voice box

Question 6

what is the main source of energy for humans

Answer 6

glucose from carbohydrates

Question 7

a calorie

Answer 7

a measurement of the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of pure water by 1 C

Question 8

1g of carbohydrate =

Answer 8

3.75kcal

Question 9

1g of fat =

Answer 9

9kcal

Question 10

1g of protein =

Answer 10

4kcal

Question 11

1g of alcohol =

Answer 11

7kcal

Question 12

glucose

Answer 12

-carbohydrates
-stores of glycogen in the liver and muscles
-gluconeogenesis from lactic acid, glycerol and amino acids

Question 13

galactose

Answer 13

lactose in dairy products

Question 14

fructose

Answer 14

fruits and vegetables and sucrose in the diet

Question 15

free fatty acids

Answer 15

fat in the diet

Question 16

amino acids

Answer 16

glucose can be made from the metabolism of amino acids derived from protein in the diet or the breakdown of protein stored in body tissues

Question 17

how is energy released from food

Answer 17

a complex series of chemical reactions that take place in all cells and is called respiration

Question 18

respiration

Answer 18

complex series of chemical reactions that results in the release of energy from food

Question 19

aerobic respiration

Answer 19

respirations that involves the use of oxygen to release energy from food

Question 20

anaerobic respiration

Answer 20

respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen

Question 21

ATP

Answer 21

the substance that captures the energy released from glucose during respiration

Question 22

lactate

Answer 22

a waste product of anaerobic respiration
a build up of lactate causes muscle fatigue e.g. marathon runners build up of lactic acid in leg muscles

Question 23

metabolism

Answer 23

the thousands of complex and interconnected biochemical reactions that constantly take place in the body
they support and maintain all the systems and functions of the body and are regulated by hormones and enzymes
regulation of metabolism is through the hypothalamus

Question 24

anabolic reactions

Answer 24

metabolic reactions that produce large molecules from small ones

Question 25

catabolic reactions

Answer 25

metabolic reactions that break large molecules down into smaller ones

Question 26

protein synthesis

Answer 26

the formation of new protein molecules from dietary amino acids in body cells

Question 27

deamination

Answer 27

the removal of nitrogen from amino acids in the liver

Question 28

metabolic rate

Answer 28

the amount of chemical energy released in the body to carry out biochemical reactions in a given amount of time

Question 29

BMR

Answer 29

basal metabolic rate

Question 30

what is BMR

Answer 30

the minimum amount of energy required by the body to stay alive and function whilst the body is warm and at rest

Question 31

factors that affect BMR

Answer 31

- age -body size -body temperature -diet -gender -mental state -pregnancy -thermic effect of food -pal

Question 32

PAL

Answer 32

the amount of physical exercise a person does each day

Question 33

total metabolic rate

Answer 33

the sum of the energy a person needs for their BMR+PAL

Question 34

metabolisable energy

Answer 34

energy available to the body for all metabolic reactions after food has been ingested digested and the nutrients absorbed

Question 35

energy intake = energy expenditure

Answer 35

weight maintenance

Question 36

energy intake>energy expenditure

Answer 36

weight gain

Question 37

energy intake

Answer 37

weight loss