Chapter 7 Flashcards
(29 cards)
Sensory memory
First memory stage that holds sensory information relatively large capacity but duration is only a few seconds
Memory
And internal record or representation of some prior event
Short-term memory
Second memory stage that temporarily stores sensory information and decides whether to send it on to long-term memory
Maintenance rehearsal
Repeating information over and over to maintain it in STM
Chunking
Grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit
Long-term memory
Third stage of memory that stores information for long periods of time it’s capacity is limitless
Encoding
Translating information into neural codes
Storage
Retaining neurally coded information over time
Retrieval
Recovering information from memory storage
Parallel distributed processing
Memory results from connections among interacting processing units distributed in vast network and all operating Parallel
Elaborative rehearsal
Linking new information to previously stored material
Explicit/declarative memory
Subsystem within long-term memory that consciously stores facts information and personal life experiences
Semantic memory
A part of declarative memory that stores general knowledge
Episodic memory
A part of declarative memory that stores memories of personally experienced events
Non-declarative memory
Subsystem within long-term memory that consists of unconscious procedural skills, simpl classically conditioned responses, and priming
Priming
Prior exposure to a stimulus facilitates or inhibits the processing of new information even when one has no conscious memory of the initial learning and storage
Retrieval cue
A cue or prompt that helps stimulate recall and retrieval of a stored piece of information from LTM
Recognition
Retrieving a memory using a specific cue
Recall
Retrieving a memory using a general cue
Encoding specificity principle
Retrieval of information is improved when conditions of recovery are similar to the conditions when information was encoded
Long-term potentiation
Long-lasting increase in excitability believed to be a biological mechanism for memory
Retroactive interference
New information interferes with remembering old information
Proactive interference
Old information interferes with remembering
Information forward acting interference
Tip of the tongue phenomenon
A retrieval failure that involves a sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory of being temporarily unable to retrieve it
