Chapter 7

Question 1

apical impulse

Answer 1

Point of maximum intensity, where the left ventricle taps the anterior chest during systole.

Question 2

Audiometry

Answer 2

A hearing screening using air conduction that measures hearing for pure-tone frequencies and loudness.

Question 3

Auscultation

Answer 3

Listening to sounds produced by the airway, lungs, stomach, heart, and blood vessels to identify their characteristics; usually performed with the stethoscope to enhance the sounds heard.

Question 4

Bronchophony

Answer 4

Change in vocal resonance in the presence of a lung consolidation, in which there is increased intensity and clarity of sounds while the words remain indistinct.

Question 5

caput succedaneum

Answer 5

An edematous swelling and ecchymosis over the presenting part of the head due to birth trauma.

Question 6

cephalhematoma

Answer 6

A subperiosteal hemorrhage that results from birth trauma.

Question 7

Clubbing

Answer 7

Widening of the nail bed with an increased angle between the proximal nail fold and nail.

Question 8

coloboma

Answer 8

A keyhole-shaped pupil caused by a notch in the iris.

Question 9

Crepitus

Answer 9

A crinkly sensation palpated on the chest surface caused by air escaping into the subcutaneous tissues.

Question 10

edema

Answer 10

An accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces.

Question 11

Egophony

Answer 11

A change in vocal resonance in the presence of a lung consolidation condition in which the transmission of the “eee” sound becomes a nasal “ay” sound.

Question 12

Grunting

Answer 12

A sound produced by the rapid release of air at the end of expiration in a newborn or infant.

Question 13

heave

Answer 13

Lifting of the chest wall during contraction.

Question 14

Hypertelorism

Answer 14

Widely spaced eyes.

Question 15

induration

Answer 15

Skin area of extra firmness with a distinct border.

Question 16

Inspection

Answer 16

Purposeful observation by carefully looking at the characteristics of the child’s physical features and behaviors, including size, shape, color, movement, position, and location.

Question 17

lanugo

Answer 17

The fine, soft hair covering the fetus during intrauterine development

Question 18

mastoiditis

Answer 18

An infection of the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull.

Question 19

microcephaly

Answer 19

A small brain with a head circumference greater than 3 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.

Question 20

Molding

Answer 20

An overriding of the cranial bones to accommodate the head’s passage through the vaginal canal.

Question 21

Nasal flaring

Answer 21

Widening of the nares with breathing that is a sign of respiratory distress.

Question 22

Palpation

Answer 22

he technique of touch to identify characteristics of the skin, internal organs, and masses, including texture, moistness, tenderness, temperature, position, shape, consistency, mobility of masses, and organs.

Question 23

Percussion

Answer 23

Striking the surface of the body, either directly or indirectly, to set up vibrations that reveal the density of underlying tissues and borders of internal organs.

Question 24

Ptosis

Answer 24

Drooping of the eyelid over the pupil.

Question 25

Retractions

Answer 25

Visible depression between the bones and cartilage of the chest during each inspiration when accessory muscles are used in the case of respiratory distress.

Question 26

sexual maturity rating

Answer 26

An average of the breast and pubic hair Tanner stages in females and of the genital and pubic hair Tanner stages in boys.

Question 27

stadiometer

Answer 27

Height-measuring device attached to the wall.

Question 28

strabismus

Answer 28

An abnormal turning of the eye, usually inward or outward, due to a weak eye muscle.

Question 29

Stridor

Answer 29

An abnormal, high-pitched musical respiratory sound caused when air moves through a narrowed larynx or trachea.

Question 30

supernumerary nipples

Answer 30

Extra small, undeveloped nipples and areola found along the mammary line between the neck and pubic area that may be mistaken for moles.

Question 31

sutures (bone)

Answer 31

the edges of the bones in the skull that are not yet fused.

Question 32

Tachypnea

Answer 32

An elevated respiratory rate.

Question 33

tactile fremitus

Answer 33

Vibrations that can be palpated on the chest when the child cries or talks.

Question 34

Tympanometry

Answer 34

A test to estimate the pressure in the middle ear and an indirect measure of tympanic membrane movement.

Question 35

Wheezing

Answer 35

A noise resulting from the passage of air through mucus or fluids in a narrowed lower airway; is associated with asthma.

Question 36

Whispered pectoriloquy

Answer 36

Change in vocal resonance when syllables are heard distinctly as a whisper.