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Geology Chapter 7 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Pangaea start breaking up to form the contents of today?

A

200 million years ago

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2
Q

What was the name of the large ocean that existed when Pangaea was present?

A

Panthalassa “All Sea”

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3
Q

What was the name of the last super continent?

A

Pangaea

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4
Q

What land masses made up Gandwannaland?

A

All Southern continents and India

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5
Q

What land masses made up Laurasia?

A

All northern continents except India

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6
Q

What two large continents made up Pangaea

A

Gandwannaland and Laurissa

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7
Q

Who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfred Wegener

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8
Q

List 3 pieces of evidence used by Alfred Wegener to support his continental drift theory

A
  • fit of South America and Africa
  • fossils match across the seas
  • rock types and structures match
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9
Q

The continental drift hypothesis was renamed in 1970 what is it now called today?

A

Plate Tectonics

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10
Q

What are the two types of plates on earth?

A

Continental and Oceanic plates

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11
Q

What is the average rate of movement for a tectonic plate?

A

2 inches per year

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12
Q

Name the 3 types of plate boundaries

A
  • divergent
  • convergant
  • transform
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13
Q

Where do most earthquakes occur?

A

plate boundaries

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14
Q

what are the 3 sub categories of Convergant plate boundaries?

A
  • Oceanic- Continental plate boundary
  • Oceanic- Oceanic Plate boundary
  • Continental- Continental Plate boundary
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15
Q

Name 2 examples of mountains ranges formed from oceanic/continental collisions

A

Andes

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16
Q

What are 3 features found at oceanic/oceanic plate boundaries

A

Subduction zone
tench
Volcanic (ocean) Island arcs

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17
Q

list 4 examples of oceanic/oceanic collision

A

Aleutian Islands

Mariana islands

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18
Q

what type of plate boundary created Costa Rica?

A

oceanic oceanic plate boundary

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19
Q

what is the main feature found at continental/continental plate boundary

A

Suture Zone

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20
Q

What is Suture zone?

A

linear belt of highly deformed rock

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21
Q

what type of mountains are formed form continental/continental plate convergence?

A

Non volcanic mountain ranges on land

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22
Q

what type of metamorphic event takes place when 2 continents collide?

A

Regional Metamorphism

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23
Q

How did the Himalayas mountains form

A

when the indo- Australian

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24
Q

what is another name for convergent plate boundary

A

Destructive plate boundary

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25
How old are the deepest sediments?
180 million
26
Where are the thickest sediments on the ocean floor found?
near continents
27
what is an MOR?
Mid- Oceanic Ridge
28
is there a lot of sediment near the MOR's?
NO
29
What is an MOR?
Mid- Oceanic Ridge
30
Is there a lot of sediment near the MOR's?
NO
31
What are the three driving forces for plate movements ?
Plate mantle convection Slab pull Ridge push
32
Which force of plate tectonics is the most powerful force?
Plate mantle convection
33
What is meant by plate mantle convection
convection cells in the mantle
34
In 50 million years, what will happen to the area west of San Andreas fault?
it will slide northward past the North American plate
35
Eventually what will happen to Australia and New Guinea?
they will collide with Asia
36
The cascade mountain range is northern California was created by what kind of boundary
convergent boundary
37
what plate boundary is consider a destructive margin
convergent boundary
38
What determines the violent nature of a volcanoes eruption?
Viscosity of Magma
39
List the 4 igneous composition (magma) from low silica to high silica content
Ultramafic (very low silica) Mafic (low silica) Intermediate (medium silica) Felsic (high silica)
40
Lava will be (less vicious or more vicious) in high temperatures?
less vicious
41
Lava will be less vicious or more vicious in high temperatures?
less vicious
42
What are the two main gases in magma?
mainly water vapor and carbon dioxide
43
What happens to the gases in magma as they get near the surface? and why?
Gases expands near surface.
44
How does lava get near the surface? (stratovolcano)
because of the volatiles
45
can gases easily escape from fluid magma?
yes
46
can gases easily escape from vicious magma?
yes
47
can gases easily escape from viscous magma?
yes
48
What type of magma produces a more violent eruption
Viscous
49
What are two types of lava flows
- Pahoehoe lava | - Aa Lava
50
what are the 4 sizes of pyroclastic material from small to large?
ash and dust cinders lapilli blocks
51
What are two types of ejected lava?
bombs | pumice
52
What are 3 types of volcanos
shield composite (stratovolcano) Cinder (scoria) cones
53
what type of composition does a shield volcano have?
Mafic composition (igneous)
54
is the lava viscous or not viscous in a shield volcano?
not viscous
55
do shield volcano have a step flank or a gentleman flank?
gentle flank
56
do shield volcanoes have pyroclastic material?
very little
57
What composition does a Composite volcano have?
Felsic to intermediate composition
58
do composite volcanos have a step flak or a gentle flank
steep flank
59
What is the deadliest type of volcano
composite (stratovolcano)
60
When did Mt Pinatunbo erupt and where?
June 1991 Philippines
61
What is the composition of a cinder cone?
Mafic
62
how many eruptions does a cinder cone have?
One
63
Does the cinder cone have violent and deadly eruptions?
violent but not deadly
64
List 2 hot spot tracks found in the pacific
emperor sea mounts and...
65
Name the 2 diffenrt shapes that a pluton can have?
tabular and Massive
66
what are the 2 different orientations for a pluton?
cordent and discordant
67
What are the three main causes of earthquakes?
volcanes rock slippage man made
68
how many earthquakes occur in the united states?
3,000
69
where can earthquakes happen?
anywhere
70
how many earthquakes cause damage each year?
75

Geology Chapter 7 (1 decks)

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