Chapter 7 Flashcards
Memory
group of related mental processes that enable us to acquire, retain, & retrieve info for a variety of uses
encoding
forming a memory code
storage
maintaining encoded info in memory over time
retrieval
recovering info from memory stores
elaboration
linking of a stimulus to other info at the time of encoding
visual imagery
creation of visual images to represent words to be remembered
dual-coding theory
memory is enhanced by forcing both semantic and visual codes since either can lead to recall
motivation to remember
depends on the importance of info at the time
attention
involves focusing on a narrowed range of stimuli or events
False memory
Elizabeth Loftus - mother’s death
misinformation effect
when participants’ recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post-event info
Elizabeth Loftus’ research
Known for her work on the misinformation effect (car crash study) and false memories
sensory memory
preserves info in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second
short-term memory
limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed info for up to 20 seconds (magic number 7 +/- 2)
rehearsal
process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about info
chunking
grouping familiar stimuli to store as a single unit
working memory capacity
one’s ability to hold and manipulate info
long-term memory
unlimited capacity store that can hold info over lengthy periods of time
flashbulb memories
unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events
conceptual hierarchy
multilevel classification system based on common properties among them
semantic network
consists of nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
the temporary inability to remember something you know, accompanied by a feeling that it’s just out of reach
recall
requires participants to reproduce info on their own without any cues
ineffective coding
not committing smaller details to memory
