Chapter 7

Question 1

What is a sigma bond?

Answer 1

When the ends of the orbitals overlap

Question 2

What is a pi bond?

Answer 2

When the sides of the orbitals overlap

Question 3

Out of a sigma and pi bond, which is stronger?

Answer 3

Sigma

Question 4

When is a sigma and a pi bond at their strongest?

Answer 4

When they combine

Question 5

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 5

Bonds forming by sharing electrons

Non metals and non metals

Question 6

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 6

ions are held together through attraction of opposite charges
Metals and non metals

Question 7

What are the exceptions to the octet rule?

Answer 7

1. Some molecules have an odd number of valence electrons to share
2. Some elements are content with fewer than four pairs of shared electrons
3. more than eight va- lence electrons are shared with a central atom

Question 8

What are some examples for the octet rule?

Answer 8

1. Nitrogen contributes five valence electrons, while the two oxygen atoms bring a total of twelve.
2. Boron tends to form molecules in which it is surrounded by only six valence electrons. For example, boron has just three valence electrons, and fluorine already has seven of the eight electrons it needs for stability.
3. In order to use all forty-eight valence electrons, each of the fluor- ine atoms forms a single bond (one shared pair) with the central atom, sulfur. Sulfur thus shares six pairs of electrons.

Question 9

What do antibonding orbitals do?

Answer 9

Destabilize the molocule

Question 10

A chemical bond that has partially positive and partially negative ends because of unevenly shared electrons. All bonds between nonidentical atoms are polar.

Answer 10

Polar covalent bond

Question 11

Orbitals that form when atomic orbitals combine in an unfavorable manner.

Answer 11

Anti bonding orbital

Question 12

What does molecular residence do?

Answer 12

It gives the molocule the ability to move around

Question 13

What is the vesper model?

Answer 13

Where it has two dense electrons and they are bonds and paired electrons

Question 14

What is symmetrical?

Answer 14

Balanced

Question 15

What is A-symmetrical?

Answer 15

Not balanced

Question 16

Know the sigma symbol.

Answer 16

*

Question 17

What shape is always polar?

Answer 17

Bent

Question 18

What symbol is dipole moment represented by?

Answer 18

Sigma

Question 19

What shape has four atoms on a plane?

Answer 19

Trigonal planar

Question 20

Know how to draw Lewis dot structure, shape, polarity (considering and not considering the shape) of the molocule, and electronegativity.

Answer 20

*

Question 21

The vector sum of the distance between charges and the strength of the charges; a measure of all bond polarities that exist within a molecule.

Answer 21

Dipole moment

Question 22

What is the vespr theory?

Answer 22

A theory stating that because of electron-electron repulsion, the electron orbitals in molecules are arranged so that they are as far apart as possible around the central atom.

Question 23

What is the molecular orbital theory?

Answer 23

A bonding theory that suggests that the orbitals of a molecule’s atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms. These orbitals, both bonding and non-bonding, are linear combinations of the atomic orbitals.

Question 24

What is the valence bond theory?

Answer 24

The concept that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap; also called the localized electron theory.

Question 25

What is the symbol that shows where electrons have shifted and points to the atom with higher electronegativity

Answer 25

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