Chapter 7

Question 1

Acid mantle

Answer 1

Protective barrier of lipids and secretions on the surface of the skin

Question 2

Acid alkali neutralization reactions

Answer 2

When an acid is mixed with an alkali in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water and a salt

Question 3

Acids

Answer 3

Substances that have a ph below 7.0, taste sour and turn litmus paper from blue to red

Question 4

Air

Answer 4

Gaseous mixture that makes up the earths atmosphere. Odorless, colorless, and generally consists of about 1 part oxygen and 4 parts nitrogen by volume

Question 5

Alkalis

Answer 5

Also known as bases: compounds that react with acids to form salts, have a ph above 7(neutral) taste bitter, and turn litmus paper from red to blue

Question 6

Anion

Answer 6

Ion with a negative electrical charge

Question 7

Antioxidants

Answer 7

Used to stabilize skin care products by preventing oxidation that would cause a product to turn rancid and decompose. They are vitamins A, C, and E which can applied topically in products or taken internally to increase healthy body functions

Question 8

Atoms

Answer 8

The smallest chemical components (particles) of an element that still retains the properties of that element

Question 9

Cation

Answer 9

Ion with a positive electrical charge

Question 10

Chemical change

Answer 10

Change in the chemical properties of a substance that is the result of a chemical reaction in which a new substance or substances are formed that have properties different from the original

Question 11

Chemical compounds

Answer 11

Combinations of 2 or more atoms of different elements united chemically with a fixed chemical composition, definite proportions and distinct properties

Question 12

Chemical properties

Answer 12

Those characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the identity of the substance

Question 13

Chemistry

Answer 13

Science that deals with the composition, structures and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

Question 14

Combustion

Answer 14

Rapid oxidation of any substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

Question 15

Compound molecules

Answer 15

(Compounds) a chemical combination of 2 or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

Question 16

Elemental molecules

Answer 16

Molecule containing 2 or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions

Question 17

Emulsions

Answer 17

An unstable physical mixture of 2 or more immiscible substances(substances that normally won’t stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

Question 18

Free radicals

Answer 18

Unstable molecules that cause inflammation, disease and biochemical aging in the body, especially wrinkling and sagging of the skin. Free radicals are super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process that are created by highly reactive atoms or molecules (often oxygen)

Question 19

Gases

Answer 19

Matter without a definite shape or size.no fixed volume or shape. Takes the shape of its container

Question 20

Hydrogen

Answer 20

Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas… the lightest element known

Question 21

Hydrogen peroxide

Answer 21

Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen, a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and a slightly acid taste

Question 22

Hydrophilic

Answer 22

Easily absorbs moisture..in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water loving)

Question 23

Hydroxide

Answer 23

An anion ( an ion with a negative electrical charge) with one oxygen and one hydrogen atom

Question 24

Immiscible

Answer 24

Liquids that can’t be mixed together to form stable solutions

Question 25

Inorganic chemistry

Answer 25

The study of substances that don't contain carbon, but may contain hydrogen

Question 26

Ion

Answer 26

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge

Question 27

Ionization

Answer 27

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive or negative ions

Question 28

Lipophilic

Answer 28

An attraction to fat and oils (oil loving)

Question 29

Liquids

Answer 29

Matter that has volume, no definite shape and will take shape of its container, such as water

Question 30

Logarithmic scale

Answer 30

A method of displaying data in multiples of ten

Question 31

Matter

Answer 31

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Question 32

Miscible

Answer 32

Capable of being mixed; liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

Question 33

Molecule

Answer 33

Chemical combination of 2 or more atoms

Question 34

Nitrogen

Answer 34

colorless gaseous element that makes up about four fifths of the air in our atmosphere and is found chiefly in ammonia and nitrates

Question 35

Oil in water emulsion (O/W)

Answer 35

Oil droplets dispersed in a water with the aid of an emulsifying agent

Question 36

Organic chemistry

Answer 36

Study of substances that contain carbon

Question 37

Oxidation

Answer 37

Either the addition of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen; a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

Question 38

Oxidation reduction

Answer 38

Aka redox; chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxygized

Question 39

Oxidize

Answer 39

To combine or cause a substance to combine with oxygen

Question 40

Oxygen

Answer 40

The most abundant element on earth

Question 41

pH

Answer 41

Potential hydrogen; relative degree of acidity and alkalinity of a substance. PH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

Question 42

PH scale

Answer 42

A measure of acidity and alkalinity of a substance: the scale has a range from 0-14. 7 is neutral. Below 7 is acidic, above 7 is alkaline

Question 43

Physical change

Answer 43

Change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the formation of a new substance

Question 44

Physical mixtures

Answer 44

Combination of 2 or more substances united physically, not chemically, without a fixed composition and in any proportions

Question 45

Physical properties

Answer 45

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that don't cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance

Question 46

Redox reactions

Answer 46

Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized.

Question 47

Reduction

Answer 47

Process when oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is deed to a substance thru a chemical reaction

Question 48

Solids

Answer 48

A state of matter that is rigid with a definite size and shape, such as ice

Question 49

Solute

Answer 49

A substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution

Question 50

Solutions

Answer 50

A uniform mixture of 2 or more mutually miscible substances.

Question 51

Solvent

Answer 51

A substance that dissolves another substance to form a solution

Question 52

States of matter

Answer 52

3 different physical forms of matter : solid, liquid, gas

Question 53

Surfactants

Answer 53

(Surface active agent) reduce surface tension between the skin and the product to increase product spreadability.; allow water and oil to mix, or emulsify

Question 54

Suspensions

Answer 54

Unstable mixtures of 3 or more miscible substances

Question 55

Water

Answer 55

Most abundant of all substances, comprising about 75% of the earths surface and about 65% of the human body

Question 56

Water in oil emulsion (W/O)

Answer 56

Droplets of water dispersed in an oil