Chapter 7 Flashcards
(50 cards)
Interspeaker variability
any two people’s production of a given speech sound will differ due to physical differences in their vocal tracts
Intraspeaker variability
any individual produces a given speech sound differently in different situations
Phonology
the study of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in a language
Phonemes
meaning-distinguishing sounds
Phonemic transcription
The process of transcribing a word using consonant and vowel symbols and putting them between slashes.
Allophones
a group of several variations of the same phoneme
Minimal pair
words are identical except for a contrast in one phoneme; ‘pat’ and ‘bat’; ‘mean’ and ‘main’.
Minimal set
when a group of words are differentiated from one another by changing one phoneme; ‘big,’ ‘pig,’ ‘rig’
Co-articulation
The process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next
Assimilation
the process in which a feature or characteristic of a phoneme (sound) becomes part of an adjacent phoneme
Elision
the omission of a sound segment.
Metathesis
the process of sounds reversing their order.
English has
26 letters and 46 sounds
All vowels are
voiced
Manner of articulation
Degree or type of constriction of airflow
Place of articulation
Place where constriction occurs
Stops
airflow is completely stopped /p, b, t, d, k, g/
Fricatives
airflow is forced through very constricted oral cavity, creating a hissing or friction sound /s, z, sh, zh, h/
Affricates
combination of stop plus affricate /ch, dJ/
Glides
gradually change shape of articulators /w, y/
Liquids
The least restriction in oral cavity /r, l/
Nasals
velopharyngeal port is open so sound comes through the nose /m, n, ng/
Bilabial (two lips)
/p, b, m, and w/
Labiodental (lips and teeth)
/f, v/
