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CSD 115- Unit 3 Exam > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Describes the types of communication deficits seen in people who have sustained damage to the brain in one way or another.

A

Neurological Impairments

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2
Q

Related to linguistic programming, speech motor programming, and the production of expressive speech and language.

A

Broca’s Area

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3
Q

Primarily responsbile for the comprehension of speech and language and the formulation of language concepts.

A

Wernicke’s Area

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4
Q

Language that is formulated in Wernicke’s Area is transmitted (via the arcuate fasciculus) to…

A

Broca’s Area for speech to be programmed and transmitted to the muscles for speech.

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5
Q

The loss of the ability to comprehend or formulate language typically associated with neurological damage.

A

Aphasia

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6
Q

A disorder that results from damage to the parts of the brain that contain language

A

Aphasia

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7
Q

Causes problems with any or all of the following: speaking, listening, reading, and writing

A

Aphasia

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8
Q

What causes damage to the brain that results in Aphasia?

A

Typically caused by a stroke (Cerebrovascular Accident CVA)

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9
Q

What causes strokes?

A
  1. blockage in a blood vessel supplying blood to brain (ischemic)
  2. Or bleeding in or around the brain (hemorrhagic)
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10
Q

Says, “A disturbance of one or more aspects of language comprehension, one or more aspects of language form and expression. The disturbance is caused by newly acquired disease of the CNS.”

A

Damasio (1981)

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11
Q

Types of Strokes (CVA)

A
  1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhagic

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12
Q

Blockage in the artery that supplies blood (oxygen) to the brain.

A

Ischemic Stroke

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13
Q

“Gradual blockage”

A

Thrombosis

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14
Q

“Clot gets lodged in artery causing blockage”

A

Embolism

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15
Q

A bleed in the brain caused by an aneurysm

A

Hemorrhagic Stroke

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16
Q

A bubble in the artery. Over time it gets weak and bursts

A

Aneurysm

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17
Q

Difficult with retrieving and producing words

A

Anomia

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18
Q

Sound and word substitutions that are often found in the speech of aphasic patients whose speech and language is fluent

A

Paraphasias

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19
Q

Words made up by patients with aphasia. They use them as though everyone understands them

A

Neologisms

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20
Q

Using normal intonation, prosody, and fluent speech and language while stringing together a series of meaningless words that don’t make sense to the listener.

A

Jargon

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21
Q

Deficit where articles, conjunctions, and grammatical morphemes might be left out. Effortful; short sentences tend to leave in nouns and/or verbs

A

Agrammatism

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22
Q

Leaving out most nouns and verbs, leaving in only non-content words.

A

Paragrammatism

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23
Q

Unintentional repetition of a word, sound or movement.

A

Perseveration

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24
Q
  1. Varies in severity
  2. Depends on extend and location of damage
  3. Damage associated with Wernicke’s Area and surrounding tissue
  4. Perhaps like hearing another language
A

Deficits of Comprehension associated with Aphasia

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25
Q

May be able to understand simple conversation, but not complex

A

Aphasia

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26
Q

May be able to follow simple commands, but nothing more

A

Aphasia

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27
Q

Verbal anosia- “pure word deafness”- unable to comprehend any verbal language

A

Aphasia

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28
Q

Difficulty identifying sensory information.

A

Agnosias

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29
Q

Client is able to perceive the sensation, but unable to interpret what is it

A

Agnosias

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30
Q

Can be evident in all senses: visual, tactile, auditory, taste, and smell

A

Agnosias

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31
Q

Able to read words, but can’t explain, doesn’t know what they have read.

A

Visual Agnosias

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32
Q

Patient can read fluently, but has no idea what the word means

A

Visual Agnosias

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33
Q

Deficits in Reading and Writing associated with Aphasia (2)

A
  1. Agraphia

2. Alexia

34
Q

Inability to write, not due to weakness, but related to inability to connect the language areas of the brain with the areas that control the ability to write words

A

Agraphia

35
Q

Problems associated with reading

A

Alexia

36
Q

Both deficits exist on a continuum ranging from no ability to mildly impaired

A

Agraphia and Alexia

37
Q

Classification of Aphasia types (3):

A
  1. Expressive/receptive
  2. Fluent/non-fluent
  3. Boston Classification System
38
Q

Boston Classification System (8 but only 4 important)

A
  1. Broca’s Aphasia
  2. Wernicke’s Aphasia
  3. Global Aphasia
  4. Anomic Aphasia
39
Q

Broca’s Aphasia: What area of the brain is damaged?

A

Anterior part. usually anterior to the lower portion of the motor area (Broca’s Area)

40
Q

Broca’s Aphasia: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?

A

Expressive

41
Q
  1. Difficult producing grammatical sentences; mostly nouns verbs, adjectives
  2. Difficult naming objects
  3. Difficult with oral reading and reading comprehension
A

characteristics of Broca’s Aphasia

42
Q

Wernicke’s Area: What area of the brain is damaged?

A

Upper portion of the temporal lobe (Wernicke’s Area)

43
Q

Wernicke’s Area: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?

A

Receptive

44
Q
  1. Fluent sounding speech, but makes no sense (jargon)
  2. Lots of paraphasia and neologisms
  3. Significant comprehension problems
A

characteristics of Wernicke’s Aphasia

45
Q

Global Aphasia: What area of the brain is damaged?

A

Both Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area and connections between the two

46
Q

Global Aphasia: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?

A

Both expressive and receptive

47
Q
  1. Stereotypical expressions in response to any question
  2. Jargon
  3. Preservations
A

characteristics of Global Aphasia

48
Q

Anomic Aphasia: What area of the brain is damaged?

A

Outside of the language zone. Varies from person to person

49
Q

Anomic Aphasia: Is the deficit primary expressive or receptive?

A

Expressive

50
Q
  1. Word finding deficits

2. Paraphasias

A

characteristics of Anomic Aphasia

51
Q

Left hemisphere intact= therefore intact language, but still have poor communication

A

Right Hemisphere Disorder

52
Q

Primary deficits of Right Hemisphere Disorder (3)

A
  1. Communication
  2. Attention/perception
  3. Cognition
53
Q

A sudden trauma to the head or the piercing of the skull by a foreign object results in a traumatic (sudden and severe) brain injury.

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

54
Q

Trauma is extremely induced

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

55
Q

Also called head injury or brain injury

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

56
Q

Injuries range from mild to severe (meaning extent of damage to the brain)

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

57
Q

Symptoms range from mild to severe (impact on life)

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

58
Q
  1. MVA
  2. Falls
  3. Sporting accidents
  4. Occupational injuries
  5. Violent crimes
  6. Abuse
  7. Suicide attempts
  8. Military actions
A

Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury

59
Q

TBI

A

Traumatic Brain Injury

60
Q

Males have it 2-3 times more

A

TBI

61
Q

Ages 15-24

A

TBI

62
Q

Ages 75-older

A

TBI

63
Q

Those in urban areas

A

TBI

64
Q

Lower socioeconomic status

A

TBI

65
Q

May though October

A

TBI

66
Q

Types of injuries that produce close head injury (2)

A
  1. Acceleration/deceleration

2. Nonacceleration

67
Q

Damage occurs at the site of impact

A

Coup

68
Q

A secondary injury occurs in the opposite direction

A

Contracoup

69
Q

a brain injury in which damage in the form of extensive lesions in white matter tracts occurs over a widespread area.

A

Diffuse Axonal Shearing

70
Q

A concussion is a…

A

mild TBI

71
Q

An impairment of short and long term memory with related changed in abstract thinking, judgement, and personality that causes significant and occupational impairment

A

Dementia

72
Q

What are the chronic disorders of the brain that lead to dementia? (4)

A
  1. Alzheimer’s Disease
  2. Pick’s Disease
  3. Multiple Strokes
  4. Other brain disorders such as TBI
73
Q

Motor Speech Disorders: (2)

A
  1. Dysarthria

2. Apraxia

74
Q

Results from paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech musculature that is a neurological origin

A

Dysarthria

75
Q

Symptoms of Dysarthria:

A

Vary, depending on the type and location of damage to the nervous system

76
Q

Damage to muscles controlling respiration, phonation, articulation. Causes weakness or paralysis

A

Dysarthria

77
Q

Dysarthria speech can be:

A
  1. Slurred, slower rate due to weak muscles
  2. Frequent rapid, uncontrolled movements and stiffness of muscles
  3. Mixed symptoms
78
Q

Difficult or inability to produce learned speech movements.

A

Apraxia of Speech

79
Q
  1. Difficult initiating speech and voice
  2. Inconsistent sound errors
  3. Hesitant, interrupted, not fluent speech
  4. Impairment increases as word length increases
A

Characteristics of Apraxia of Speech

80
Q

May be able to purse lips and whistle at will

A

Apraxia of Speech

81
Q

Unable to correctly achieve lip movement for /w/ in word water

A

Apraxia of Speech

CSD 115- Unit 3 Exam (2 decks)

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