Chapter 7 Flashcards by Dotina Wiens

Palpitation

irregular heartbeat

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Palpation

touching a vein

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Homeostasis

steady state

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Blood pressure

forces blood through vessels and pushes agains vessel walls like a balloon

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Arteries carry blood

away from the heart

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Arteries have a ______ oxygen level

high

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Arteries’s walls are

thicker

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Arteries branch into ______ then into ______

arterioles; capillaries

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Arteriosclerosis

inner walls of vessels become rough because of cholesterol or calcium deposits that then cause blood clots

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Veins carry blood

toward the heart

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Veins work against

gravity

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All veins except ______ only contain deoxygenated blood

pulmonary veins

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Veins contain

deoxygenated blood

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Veins have ______ walls.

thinner

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Major Arm Veins - 1st Choice

Medial Cubital

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Major Arm Veins - 2nd Choice

Cephalic

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Major Arm Veins - 3rd Choice

Brachial

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Capillaries link

arterioles and veins

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Capillaries work as a

network

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Capillary blood is a mix of

arterial and venous blood

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Capillaries can only allow

one cell to pass through at one time

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Artery blood

spurting blood, pulsating flow, bright red

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Vein Blood

Steady, slow, dark red color

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Capillary blood

slow even flow, shade of red between arteries and venous blood

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Blood

transport system for nutrients, oxygen, chemical substances, waste removal; essential to homeostasis

Hypoxia

when any region of the body is deprieved of blood and oxygen leading to tissue death

Human body contains ______ of blood depending on size of the body

4 Liters

Whole blood is made of ______ of plasma

2.84 Liters

Whole blood is made up of ______ of cells

1.89 Liters

Erythrocytes

Red Blood Cells

Leukocytes

White Blood Cells

Hematopoietic Tissues

Blood forming tissue like bone marrow

Erythropoiesis

production of RBCs

Erythropoietin

hormone produced in kidneys that triggers erythropoiesis

Blood Types:

A, B, AB, O

Most common blood type

Blood type is determined

by presence of antigens and antibodies

Two Major Groups of Leukocytes

Granular and Angranular

Granular Types

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Angranular Types

Monocytes, Lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Granular WBC for immune defense

Eosinphils

Granular WBC for parasite defense

Basophils

Granular WBC for Inflammatory response

Monocytes

Angranular WBC for immune defense

Lymphocytes

Angranular WBC for antibody production; cellular immune response

Differential

morphological characteristics of RBCs and WBCs in a lab

Platelets

fragments of megakaryocytes that help with clotting

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood and lympth

anticoagulant

chemical agent used to prevent clotting

Buffy Coat

layer of WBCs and platelets that form above the RBCs when sample is centrifuged or allowed to settle

Osmotic Pressure

keeps blood volume levels in balance

Buffering

term used to describe body's abilities to control pH of blood via proteins and electrolytes

Serum

liquid portion formed when blood specimen is allowed to clot

Serum ______ contain fibrinogen

does not

Plasma specimens ______ contain anticoagulant

Unclotted cellular components collect at the bottom in

Plasma specimens

Serum specimens ______ contain anticoagulant

do not

Cellular components form clot in the bottom with

Serum Specimens

Hemostasis

processes where platelets, plasma, and coagulation factors interact to control bleeding while maintaining circulating blood

Phases of Hemostasis

1) Vascular Phase 2) Platelet Phase 3) Coagulation Phase 4) Clot Retraction 5) Fibrinolysis

Vascular Phase

rapid reconstruction of vessel decreases blood flow to surrounding vascular bed

Platelet Phase

platelets degranulate, clump together, and adhere to injured vessel to from a plug

Coagulation Phase

coagulation factors are released to form fibrin mesh work/clot; seals off damaged portion of blood vessel

Clot Retraction

when bleeding stops the entire cloth retracts to heal torn edges

Fibrinolysis

final repair and regeneration of injured vessel occurs; clot begins to break up and dissolve

Coagulation phases

Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Intrinsic

contain in the blood

Extrinsic

Contained in endothelial cells that are stimulated when damage occurs

Lymphatic System consists

lymph, lymphocytes, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus

Main functions of Lymphatic System

Maintain fluid balance in tissues via blood and lymph fluid Provide defense against disease via lymphocytes Distribute nutrients and hormones into the blood stream, remove waste, and absorb fats