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WCCMT Brielle > Chapter 7/8 > Flashcards

Chapter 7/8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What do the endocrine and nervous system work together to do?

A

To maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What is the study of the nervous system

A

Neurology

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3
Q

What is in the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What is in the PNS

A

Cranial nerves & spinal nerves

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5
Q

What are the PNS subdivisions?

A

Somatic (voluntary), Autonomic (involuntary) and Enteric (involuntary)

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6
Q

Are sensory neurons Afferent or Efferent? Do they carry signals to or from the brain?

A

Afferent, To brain

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7
Q

Are motor neurons Afferent or Efferent? Do they carry signals to or from the brain?

A

Efferent, Away from brain

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8
Q

Name the three parts of a neuron

A

Dendrite, cell body/soma, Axon

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9
Q

What’s the 4 types of neuroglia in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependymal Cells

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10
Q

function of Astrocytes

A

To support and protect neurons, they play a role in memory and learning.

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11
Q

function of Oligodendrocytes and location

A

Forms and maintains myelin in the CNS

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12
Q

Function of microglia

A

Remove cellular debris

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13
Q

Function of Ependymal cells

A

Line the ventricles of brain and spinal cord, forming blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

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14
Q

Schwann cell function and location

A

Produce myelin sheath around axon in the PNS. Axon regeneration

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15
Q

Satellite cell function

A

Flat cells surrounding PNS ganglia

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16
Q

What’s myelination

A

Process of ensheathing axons with myelin

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17
Q

What’s a nerve and where’s it found

A

A bundle of axons in the PNS

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18
Q

What’s a tract and where’s it found

A

A bundle of axons in the CNS

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19
Q

What type of axons does gray matter contain

A

UNmyelinated axons

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20
Q

What type of axons does white matter contain

A

MYELINATED axons

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21
Q

What is action potential and what’s another name for it

A

AKA nerve impulse, is the electrical signal that travels along a neuron, allowing it to communicate with other cells.

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22
Q

What is continuous conduction? Fast or slow? Is myelin present?

A

•Step-by-step DEPOLARIZATION of each part of the axon
•Unmyelinated
•Slowly

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23
Q

What is saltatory conductions. Fast or slow? Is myelin present?

A

•Nerve impulse leaps/jumps from one node of Ranvier to another
•Myelinated
•Fast

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24
Q

What are the factors that affect the speed of propagation

A

Amount of myelin, Axon diameter, Temperature

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25
What are 2 types of synapses
Electrical and Chemical
26
What is the most important neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
27
Name four functions of muscular tissue
Producing body movements, Stabilizing body positions, moving substances in the body, and generating heat
28
4 properties of muscular tissue
Excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity
29
3 types of muscular tissue
Skeletal, cardiovascular, smooth
30
Is skeletal muscle striated or non striated? Voluntary or involuntary?
Striated, voluntary.
31
How does muscle growth occur
Hypertrophy
32
What is the cell membrane called that surrounds a myocyte?
Sarcolemma
33
What are thin filaments called
Actin
34
What are thick filaments called
Myosin
35
What is the outermost layer of muscle tissue
Epimysium
36
What is the innermost layer of muscle tissue
Filaments - thin and thick
37
What is the order of muscle tissue (E, P, F, MF, M, F)
Epimysium, Perimysium, Fascicle, Muscle Fibre, Myofibril, Filament
38
What is a dense sheet or broad band of irregular connective tissue that surrounds muscles
Fascia
39
What is a cord that attaches a muscle to a bone
Tendon
40
What is aponeurosis
Broad, flattened tendon (forehead)
41
When ACh (acetylcholine) binds to a receptor, what happens
It causes an action potential. the AP triggers the release of calcium which binds to actin and myosin, causing a muscle contraction.
42
What does Anticholinesterase do
Degrades ACh to slow muscle movement down
43
What do red muscle fibres have a high content of? What contractions does it make?
Myoglobin, mitochondria, blood capillaries. Slow weak contractions
44
What does white muscles have a low content of? What contractions does it produce?
Low content of myoglobin. Fast strong contractions
45
What is an example of muscle tone
Keeping the head from slumping forward on the chest
46
What does botulinum toxin block
Blocks the release of ACh
47
What does Curare do
Causes muscle paralysis by blocking ACh receptors
48
What contributes to muscle striation
Filaments
49
What type of nerve creates an action potential that causes muscle contraction
Somatic motor neuron
50
Where does cellular respiration occur?
Cytoplasm
51
Where is smooth muscle tissue found
Walls of hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways, and many hollow organs)
52
Is smooth muscle striated or non-striated
Non-striated
53
Which type of muscular tissue has the highest capacity to regenerate
Smooth muscle (because they retain their ability to divide)
54
Which type of muscular tissue has the most limited regenerative abilities
Skeletal muscle
55
What happens to your skeletal muscle when you age
Slow progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, decreased strength, slowed muscle reflexes, less flexibility, more red than white muscle fibres appear to increase
56
What do muscle contractions need to occur
Calcium
57
6 functions of bones
Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage
58
How many bones are there
206
59
What is the epiphysis
Proximal and distal ends
60
What is the diaphysis
Main shaft
61
What is the medullary cavity
Central hollow space containing yellow bone marrow
62
What is articular cartilage
Hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces

WCCMT Brielle (1 decks)

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