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Dental materials exam 5 > Chapter 7, 8, and 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 7, 8, and 19 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

Whitening

A

Cosmetic process that uses chemicals to remove discolorations from teeth or to lighten them

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2
Q

Power whitening

A

In office whitening procedure that uses strong whitening agents and a high-intensity light source to accelerate the whitening process

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3
Q

Walking bleach technique

A

Whitening technique for non-vital teeth in which whitening materials are sealed inside the tooth crown for a few days and the patient “walks” around with the whitening material in place

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4
Q

Enamel microabrasion

A

A process that uses hydrochloric acid and an abrasive such as pumice to remove shallow discolorations of the enamel

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5
Q

Mouth guard

A

An appliance made of hard or pilable material that protects teeth from trauma during sports activities or from grinding the teeth

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6
Q

Custom-fit

A

Made specifically to fit one individual

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7
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder caused when the muscles that support the soft palate, uvula, and tongue relax and the airway narrows or closes

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8
Q

Purpose of sealants

A

Prevent dental caries in pits and fissures

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9
Q

What are sealants

A

Lightly filled resins

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10
Q

Surfaces that sealants protect

A

Occlusal surfaces

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11
Q

Surfaces that fluoride protect

A

Smooth (buccal, lingual, facial) surfaces

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12
Q

Indications for sealants

A

Big pits and fissures

Molars and premolars most common to have sealants

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13
Q

Composition of sealants

A

bis-GMA

UDMA

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14
Q

Self cure for sealants

A

2 minutes (cat/base)

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15
Q

Light cure for sealants

A

20 sec (most common)

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16
Q

Color and wear (sealants)

A

Variety (amber, light gray, white)

We use clean-pro its pink in color and changes white when dried

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17
Q

Steps in placement of sealants

A 
Isolate the tooth
Pumice tooth with non-fluoridated paste
Rinse tooth
Apply etchant, 60 secs; chalky appearance
Rinse
Apply sealant material
Light cure for 30-60 secs
Floss interproximal space
Check occlusion
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18
Q

Effectiveness of sealants

A

Very effective

If not sealed properly can cause caries

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19
Q

.040

A

Bleaching trays

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20
Q

Why do patients like bleaching their teeth

A

Cosmetics

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21
Q

How bleaching works

A

Depends on status of teeth
Hydrogen peroxide passes through the spaces in the enamel and reaches the dentin where it release oxygen free radicals that oxidize the stains

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22
Q

Whitening material in bleaching trays

A

Hydrogen peroxide, carbomide

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23
Q

Extrinsic stains

Study These Flashcards
A

Outside

Yellow, green, black; from coffee, smoking. or poor hygiene

24
Q

Intrinsic stains

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A

Occur during tooth development
Medicine, root canals, or trauma
Yellow-brown, or white stains

25
You always take what before bleaching
Tooth shade
26
Home bleaching
10-16% carbomide peroxide
27
Over the counter products (bleaching)
5.3% hydrogen peroxide
28
Side effects of bleaching
Sensitivity
29
Contraindications with bleaching
Allergies to bleaching material People with large restorations have increased sensitivity Not recommended for tooth colored restorations
30
0.080
Mouth protectors
31
Purpose of a mouth protector
Protect teeth and supporting structures and help prevent sports injuries
32
Types of mouth protectors
Stock guards Boil and bite Custom fit
33
Materials used to fabricate mouth protectors
Soft; thermoplastice sheets of poly(vinyl-acetate) polyethylene
34
Maintance of mouth protectors
Cleaned daily (liquid soap) Stored in rigid container Do not use sodium hydrochloride Leave the container open
35
What is fluoride
It is naturally occurring mineral found in many forms in the modern world
36
Where is fluoride found
Water, food, and is an additive in many dental products over the counter or prescribed
37
Optimal levels of fluoride
0.7-1.2 ppm (parts per million)
38
0.7 ppm
is for warmer climates where more water is consumed
39
1.2 ppm
Increased in cooler climates where less water is consumes
40
Bottled water
Most bottled water does not contain fluoride unless the label indicates otherwise. Advise patients to fill water bottles from a fluoridated water supply
41
What is fluorosis
consumption of excess fluoride during tooth formation
42
Severe fluorosis
Leads to brown staining and pitting of the enamel surface
43
Mild to moderate fluorosis
Cosmetic concerns, such as opaque white spots or bands on the teeth
44
Demineralization
Actions that removes minerals from the tooth
45
Remineralization
Replacing minerals that are lost from a tooth
46
Bacterial inhibition
inhibit bacterial activity by inhibiting enolase, an enzyme needed by bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates
47
pH at which tooth minerals dissolves
5.5
48
Chlorexidine gluconate (CHX)
Board spectrum prescription mouth rinse
49
Concentraction of fluoride in CHX
0.12%
50
Uses of CHX
Management of bacteria associated with periodontal disease and dental caries
51
Side effects of CHX
Brown staining and bitter taste
52
2.0% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Gel/Foam
Also called neutral sodium fluoride due to its neutral ph of 7 Most common for patients on regular hygiene calls
53
1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) Gel/Foam
Low ph of 3.5 (acidulated) enhances fluoride uptake | APF etches porcelain, composite resorations, and sealants so it should not be used on patients with such restorations
54
5% Neutral Sodium (NaF) Varnish
* Safe, effective, fast and easy to apply * Higher concentration of fluoride than gel or foam, but an overall less amount of fluoride is used per application because it is painted in a thin layer on the enamel * Sets quickly and remains on the teeth for up to (1-3) days releasing fluoride in pits and fissures and cervical areas of the teeth * Great for children * Reduces demineralization * Application of choice for dentin hypersensitivity
55
Signs and symptoms of acute toxic dose
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased salivation, and thirst. Symptons usually begin within 30 mins of ingestion
56
Emergency treatment of fluoride toxicity
* Induce vomiting * Administer fluoride-binding liquid when patient is not vomiting - milk - milk of magnesium - lime water
57
Patient instructions following application of fluoride
* Instruct to not rinse, eat, drink, brush, or floss for at least 30 min after gel or foam application * After applying varnish, instruct patient to avoid hot drinks, alcoholic beverages, hard foods, and brushing or flossing for 4-6 hours or until next day * Inform pt. that varnish will leave a yellow film on teeth until brushing and teeth may feel fuzzy * Self applied fluorides (RX and OTC) are available as toothpastes, mouthrinses, and gels

Dental materials exam 5 (1 decks)

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