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Chemistry > Chapter 7-8 terms > Flashcards

Chapter 7-8 terms Flashcards

0
Q

A hybrid bond in which an s and p orbital overlap end to end?

A

Sigma bond

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1
Q

The concept that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap; also called the localized electron theory?

A

Valence bond theory

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2
Q

A bond in which there is a side-by-side overlap of the orbitals?

A

Pi bond

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3
Q

A molecular property where, instead of oscillating between two different bond regions, the bonds take on an intermediate character?

A

Resonance

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4
Q

A bonding theory that suggests that the orbitals of a molecule’s atoms are replaced by totally new orbitals when a molecule forms. These orbitals, both bonding and non-bonding, are linear combinations of the atomic orbitals?

A

Molecular orbital theory

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5
Q

A theory stating that because of electron-electron repulsion, the electron orbitals in molecules are arranged so that they are as far apart as possible around the central atom?

A

valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory

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6
Q

A structural arrangement in which four areas of electron density surrounding a central atom are oriented toward the corners of a four-sided pyramid?

A

Tetrahedral

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7
Q

A structural arrangement in which three particles surrounding a central particle are oriented toward the corners of a flat triangle?

A

Trigonal planar

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8
Q

A structural arrangement in which particles are positioned in a straight line?

A

Linear

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9
Q

The process of forming new kinds of orbitals with equal energies from a combination of orbitals of different energies?

A

Hybridization

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10
Q

A structural arrangement in which three particles and an unshared electron pair surrounding a central particle are oriented toward the corners of a four-sided pyramid?

A

Pyramidal

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11
Q

A structural arrangement in which two particles are bonded to a central particle nonlinearly?

A

Bent

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12
Q

A chemical bond that has partially positive and partially negative ends because of unevenly shared electrons. All bonds between nonidentical atoms are polar?

A

Polar covalent bond

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13
Q

The vector sum of the distance between charges and the strength of the charges; a measure of all bond polarities that exist within a molecule?

A

Dipole moment

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14
Q

represent the number of electrons that an atom in a compound must gain or lose to return to its neutral state?

A

Oxidation numbers

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15
Q

covalently bonded groups of atoms that carry a charge?

A

Polyatomic ions

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16
Q

A system of naming that follows a standardized set of rules?

A

Nomenclature

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17
Q

A compound consisting of only two different types of usually nonmetal atoms?

A

Binary covalent bonds

18
Q

indicates how many atoms of each element are in a binary covalent compound?

A

Greek prefix system

19
Q

An anion that contains oxygen and one other element?

A

Oxyanion

20
Q

Ionic compounds that contain polyatomic ions?

A

Polyatomic ionic compound

21
Q

A convention used to show the oxidation state of a metal ion?

A

Stock system

22
Q

Aka the stock system

A

Roman numeral system

23
Q

A compound that holds a characteristic number of water molecules within its crystalline structure?

A

Hydrate

24
Q

compound that has no water in its crystalline structure?

A

anhydrous

25
Q

Acids are covalent compounds usually beginning with hydrogen. Acids consisting of hydrogen and one other nonmetal?

A

Binary acid

26
Q

An oxyacid; an acid molecule that contains three different elements—hydrogen, oxygen, and another nonmetal?

A

Ternary acid

27
Q

An expression that represents a chemical reaction by using chemical formulas, chemical symbols, and coefficients?

A

Chemicals equation

28
Q

An expression using the chemical names instead of symbols. Such equations list all the substances involved in a chemical reaction but contain no information about the quantities of the materials involved?

A

Word equation

29
Q

An element or compound that undergoes chemical change and is usually written to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation?

A

Reactant

30
Q

An element or compound that is produced from a chemical reaction and is usually written to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation?

A

Product

31
Q

A chemical equation in which coefficients are arranged to show the conservation of mass in a reaction?

A

Balanced chemical equation

32
Q

A reaction in which the products can change back into the original reactants so that an equilibrium is reached; a reaction that can occur in the reverse direction as well as the forward direction?

A

Reversible reaction

33
Q

A solid that separates from a solution as the result of physical or chemical changes?

A

Precipitate

34
Q

A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed by the reaction?

A

Catalyst

35
Q

A chemical reaction of the general form A + B ⎯⎯→AB in which two or more reactants combine into a single product?

A

Synthesis reaction

36
Q

A chemical reaction of the general form AB ⎯⎯→A + B in which a reactant breaks down into two or more simpler products?

A

Decomposition reaction

37
Q

A chemical reaction of the general form A + BZ ⎯⎯→B + AZ, in which a reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound; also called displacement or substitution reactions?

A

Single replacement reaction

38
Q

A table of metals or nonmetals arranged in order of descending chemical activity?

A

Activity series

39
Q

A chemical reaction of the general form AY + BZ ⎯⎯→ AZ + BY, in which the cation of one compound combines with the anion of another compound, and vice versa?

A

Double replacement reaction

40
Q

An equation that represents all the substances present during a reaction, including the spectator ions, non-ionic products, and insoluble precipitates; written only for reactions taking place in a solution?

A

Ionic equation

41
Q

An ion present on both sides of an ionic equation; it does not actually participate in the reaction.

A

Spectator ion

42
Q

An equation that shows only the substances actually involved in a reaction and excludes spectator ions?

A

Net ionic equation

Chemistry (7 decks)

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