Chapter 7 Flashcards
Hidden Curriculum
The unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the
curriculum, organization, and setting in a school.
- ie) middle age children more likely to ask for help than lower class, who fear getting criticized.
Trends in Math and Science Study (TIMSS)
An international assessment of the math and science skills of fourth- and
eighth-graders.
Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)
Inaugurated in 2001, a planned five year
cycle of international trend
studies in the reading ability.
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
A U.S. law enacted in 2001 that was
intended to increase accountability
in education by requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding
by administering standardized tests to measure school achievement.
National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP)
An ongoing and nationally
representative measure of U.S. children’s achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects
over time; nicknamed “the Nation’s Report Card.”
Charter Schools
Public schools with their own set of standards funded and licensed by the
state or local district in which they are located.
Private Schools
Schools funded by parents and sponsoring institutions. Such schools
have control over admissions, hiring, and specifics of curriculum, although
some regulations apply.
Vouchers
monetary commitment by the government to pay for the education of a child. Vouchers vary a great deal from place to place, not only in amount and availability, but in who gets them and what schools accept them.
Developmental Psychopathology
The field that uses insights into typical
development to understand and remediate developmental disorders.
- links the study of usual development with the
study of children with unusual brain or behavior patterns
Aptitude
The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge.
Flynn effect
The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.
Multiple Intelligences
The idea that human intelligence
is comprised of a varied set of
abilities rather than a single, all-encompassing
one.
Multifinality
A basic principle of developmental
psychopathology which holds that one cause can have many (multiple) final
manifestations.
Equifinality
A basic principle of developmental
psychopathology that holds that one symptom can have many causes.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A condition in which a person not only
has difficulty concentrating but also is
inattentive, impulsive, and overactive.
Specific Learning Disorder
A marked deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, or by an
unusually stressful home environment.
Dyslexia
A specific learning disorder
characterized by unusual difficulty with
reading.
Dyscalculia
A specific learning disorder
characterized by unusual difficulty with
math.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Any of several conditions
characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication, and
unusual play.
Neurodiversity
The idea that people with special needs have diverse brain structures,
with each person having neurological strengths and weaknesses that should
be appreciated, in much the same way diverse cultures and ethnicities are
welcomed.
Response to Intervention
An educational strategy that uses early intervention to help children
who demonstrate below-average achievement. Only children who are
not helped are designated for more intense measures.
Individual Education Plan (IEP)
A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special
needs.
