Chapter 7-9

Question 1

What are the 4 identity statuses

Answer 1

Achievement (y/y)
Moratorium (n/y)
Foreclosure (y/n)
Diffusion (n/n)

Question 2

reflective judgment

Answer 2

capacity to evaluate the accuracy and coherence of evidence and arguments.

Question 3

Stages of reflective Judgment

Answer 3

Dualistic thinking - either/or
Multiple thinking - 2 or more sides
Relativism - compare views
Commitment - commit to viewpoint

Question 4

Dialectical thought

Answer 4

synthesis or integration of opposites

Question 5

Resilience

Answer 5

good outcomes in spite of threats to adaptation and development

Question 6

what are the 5 features of emerging adulthood?

Answer 6

1) age of identity explorations
2) age of instability
3) self-focused
4) age of feeling in-between
5) age of possibilities

Question 7

age of identity explorations

Answer 7

explore various possibilities of work and love

Question 8

age of instability

Answer 8

exploration leads to instability

Question 9

self-focused

Answer 9

learning to be more self-sufficient before commiting

Question 10

age of feeling in-between

Answer 10

feeling of being in transition

Question 11

age of possibilities

Answer 11

potential for dramatic changes

Question 12

who begins puberty first? boys or girls

Answer 12

Girls begin about 2 years earlier

Question 13

what are the 8 domains of influence on adolescences

Answer 13

1) scholastic competence
2) social acceptance
3) athletic competence
4) physical appearance
5) job competence
6) romantic appeal
7) behavioral conduct
8) close friendship

Question 14

who proposed a universal theory of moral development?

Answer 14

Kohlberg

Question 15

what are the levels of moral development? (3)

Answer 15

1) preconventional reasoning
2) conventional reasoning
3) postconventional reasoning

Question 16

preconventional reasoning

Answer 16

based on perceptions of the likelihood of external rewards and punishments

Question 17

conventional reasoning

Answer 17

less egocentric and the person advocates the value of conforming to the moral expectations of others

Question 18

postconventional reasoning

Answer 18

person’s own independent judgements rather than what others view as wrong or right

Question 19

what are the “3” ethics rooted in different worldviews

Answer 19

1) ethic of autonomy
2) ethic of community
3) ethic of divinity

Question 20

ethic of autonomy

Answer 20

individual as primary moral authority

Question 21

ethic of community

Answer 21

individuals as members of social groups to which they have commitments and obligations

Question 22

ethic of divinity

Answer 22

individual as a spiritual entity, subject to the prescriptions of a divine authority

Question 23

2 types of depression

Answer 23

depressed mood (sadness)
major depressive disorder

Question 24

2 types of treatment for depression

Answer 24

anti-depressant medications
cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 25

BMI

Answer 25

body mass index (weight to height)

Question 26

nearsightedness

Answer 26

myopoia

Question 27

gross motor development

Answer 27

advances in balance, strength, coordination, agility, and RT

Question 28

Fine motor development

Answer 28

increased ability in fine motor skills (drawing and writing) - more precise

Question 29

malnutrition

Answer 29

not eating / refusal to eat / no food available

Question 30

overweight

Answer 30

BMI over 18

Question 31

obesity

Answer 31

BMI over 21

Question 32

social consequences for obesity

Answer 32

exclusion and ridicule

Question 33

physical consequences for obesity

Answer 33

diabetes and diabetic complications

Question 34

gardner's theory of multiple intelligences

Answer 34

1) linguistic 2) logical-mathematical 3) spatial 4) musical 5) bodily-kinesthetic 6) interpersonal 7) intrapersonal 8) naturalist 9) existential

Question 35

what are the alternate theories of intelligence? (3)

Answer 35

1) analytical intelligence 2) creative intelligence 3) practical intelligence

Question 36

Analytical intelligence

Answer 36

what most IQ tests measure

Question 37

Creative Intelligence

Answer 37

combine information in new ways

Question 38

Practical intelligence

Answer 38

apply information to everyday problems

Question 39

Phonics approach

Answer 39

breaking down words into their component sounds then putting then phonics together into words

Question 40

whole-language approach

Answer 40

meaning of written language in whole packages, rather than breaking down words into smallest components

Question 41

dyscalculia

Answer 41

neurologically - based difficulty in numerical processing

Question 42

ambivalence

Answer 42

two contradictory emotions at once

Question 43

self-concept

Answer 43

how we view and evaluate ourselves

Question 44

self-esteem

Answer 44

person's overall sense of worth and well being

Question 45

independent self

Answer 45

encourage reflection about self

Question 46

interdependent self

Answer 46

encourage importance of group

Question 47

popular children

Answer 47

most often liked

Question 48

rejected children

Answer 48

disliked by other children

Question 49

neglected children

Answer 49

neither liked nor disliked

Question 50

controversial children

Answer 50

liked by some, disliked by others

Question 51

industry

Answer 51

children become more capable of doing useful work as well as their own projects

Question 52

inferiority

Answer 52

adults around the child are too critical of their efforts, leading to a sense of being incapable of working effectively