Chapter 7 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMY

A

THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES AND MAKEUP OF THE ORGANISM

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2
Q

PHYSIOLOGY

A

THE STUDY OF THE PROCESS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BODY

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3
Q

HOMEOSTASIS

A

BALANCE IN WHICH ORGANS AND SYSTEMS CAN FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY

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4
Q

PATHO-

A

MEANING “DISEASE”

FORMS THE TERM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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5
Q

CORONAL PLANE

A

SLICING THE BODY SO THAT YOU HAVE FRONT AND BACK PORTIONS

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6
Q

TRANSVERSE (AXIAL) PLANE

A

SLICING THE BODY SO YOU HAVE TOP AND BOTTOMS PORTIONS

NAVAL

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7
Q

SAGITTAL (LATERAL) PLANE

A

SLICING THE BODY SO IT FORMS LEFT AND RIGHT PORTIONS

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8
Q

LATERAL

A

PARTS OF THE BODY THAT LIE FARTHER FROM THE MIDLINE

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9
Q

MEDIAL

A

PARTS OF THE BODY THAT LIE CLOSER TO THE MIDLINE

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10
Q

PROXIMAL/DISTAL

A

USED TO DESCRIBE THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANY TWO STRUCTURES ON AN EXTREMITY
PROXIMAL CLOSER TO THE TRUNK
DISTAL FARTHER FROM THE TRUNK

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11
Q

FLEXION

A

MOVING DISTAL POINT OF AN EXTREMITY TOWARD THE TRUNK

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12
Q

EXTENSION

A

MOVING FROM A FLEXED POSITION TO THE ANATOMIC POSITION

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13
Q

ELECTROLYTES

A

SUBSTANCES THAT RELEASE IONS IN WATER

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14
Q

ACIDS

A

ELECTROLYTES THAT RELEASE HYDROGEN IN WATER

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15
Q

BASES

A

ELECTROLYTES THAT RELEASE IONS THAT BOND WITH HYDROGEN IONS

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16
Q

pH

A
  • HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATIONS
  • SCALE RANGES FROM 0-14
  • 7 IS THE “MIDPOINT” MEANING IT HAS EQUAL # OF HYDROGEN AND HYDROXIDE IONS
  • 7 BASIC
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17
Q

pH OF BLOOD

A

7.35-7.45

18
Q

ACIDOSIS

A

BLOOD pH BELOW 7.35

19
Q

ALKALOSIS

A

BLOOD pH HIGHER THAN 7.45

20
Q

LIPIDS

A
  • ARE NOT WATER SOLUBLE

- INCLUDE: FATS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND STEROIDS

21
Q

PROTIENS

A
  • MOST ABUNDANT ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF THE HUMAN BODY (MOST IMPORTANT TOO)
22
Q

ANTIBODIES

A

PORTIONS THAT DETECT AND DESTROY FOREIGN SUBSTANCES

23
Q

DNA

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

-DETERMINES YOU INHERITED CHARACTERISTICS HAIR AND EYE COLOR

24
Q

RNA

A

RIBONUCLEIC ACID

  • GETS INFO FROM DNA AND MAKES SPECIFIC PROTEINS
    1. MESSENGER RNA (mRNA)
    2. TRANSFER RNA ( tRNA)
    3. RIBOSOMAL RNA (rRNA)
25
Q

THREE PARTS OF THE CELL?

A
  1. CELL MEMBRANE
  2. NUCLEUS
  3. CYTOPLASM
26
Q

CELL MEMBRANE

A
  • STRECHES
  • HAS FOLDS FOR MORE SURFACE AREA
  • CONTROLS MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL
  • PORTION OF THE CELL THAT CAN ADHERE TO OTHER CELLS AND FORM TISSUE
  • DIFFERENTIALLY PERMEABLE (SEMIPERMEABLE)
  • DOUBLE LAYER OF PHOSPHOLIPID MOLECULES
  • PHOSPHATE OUTER
  • LIPID INNER
27
Q

CYTOPLASM

A
  • MAKES UP MOST OF EACH CELLS VOLUME
  • GEL LIKE MATERIAL SUSPENDING ORGANELLES
  • CONSISTS OF CYTOSOL AND ORGANELLES
28
Q

ORGANELLES

A

-PERFORMS MOST OF THE TASKS THAT KEEP THE CELL ALIVE AND FUNCTIONING NORMALLY

29
Q

CENTRIOLES

A
  • CELL DIVISION REQUIRES A PAIR OF CENTRIOLES

- CYLANDRICAL STRUCTURES COMPOSED OF SHORT MICROTUBULES

30
Q

CILIA AND FLAGELLA

A
  • EXTEND FROM THE CELLS SURFACE
  • CILIA IS HAIRLIKE MOVING IN COORDINATED SWEEPING MOTION TO MOVE FLUIDS OVER THE SURFACE
  • FLAGELLA LONGER THAN CILIA AND EXISTS AS ONLY A SINGLE FLAGELLUM (TAIL OF THE SPERM)
31
Q

RIBOSOMES

A
  • OUTER PORTION OF RER
  • WHERE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS
  • MAY BE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM
  • COMPOSED OF PROTEIN AND RNA
32
Q

ER ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  • NETWORK OF INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES CONNECTED TO THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
  • TO TYPES ROUGH AND SMOOTH
33
Q

RER ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  • SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS
  • COMMUNICATES WITH NUCLEUS
  • HAS RIBOSOMES
34
Q

SER SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

A
  • DOES NOT HAVE RIBOSOMES

- SYNTHESIZES PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND CHOLESTEROL FOR CELL GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE

35
Q

GOLGI APPARATUS

A
  • AKA GOLGI COMPLEX
  • CONSISTS OF SEVERAL FLATTENED SACKS (PANCAKE LIKE)
  • SYNTHESIZES PROTEIN ON THE RIBOSOMES
    1. MODIFYING AND PACKING SECRETIONS
    2. PACKAGING SPECIALS ENZYMES INSIDE VESICLES
    3. RENEWING OR MODIFYING THE CELL MEMBRANE
36
Q

LYSOSOMES

A
  • TINY SACKS DISPOSE OF CELL WASTE
  • DESTROY OLDER WORN PARTS OF THE CELL
  • CONTAIN DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
37
Q

MITOCHONDRIA

A
  • ALL CELLS IN THE BODY WITH THE EXCEPTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS HAVE THEM
  • AKA POWERHOUSE OF A CELL
  • CONTAIN THEIR OWN DNA
38
Q

CELL ORGANELLES

A

/Users/macbookpro/Desktop/03-02_CellStructure.jpg

39
Q

NUCLEUS

A
  • USUALLY LARGEST MOST VISIBLE STRUCTURE WITHIN A CELL
  • WITHOUT NUCLEUS CELL CANNOT REPAIR ITSELF AND WILL DISINTEGRATE WITHIN THREE TO FOUR MONTHS
  • HAS NUCLEOPLASM WHICH SUSPENDS NUCLEOLUS AND CHROMATIN
40
Q

NUCLEOLUS

A
  • AKA MINI NUCLEUS

- MADE UP OF RNA AND PROTEIN MOLECULES

41
Q

CHROMATIN

A

-LOOSELY DNA AND PROTEIN FIBERS FORMING CHROMASOMES

42
Q

DIFFUSION

A

-THE MOVEMENT OF SOLUTES