Chapter 7 - Acids, bases, and ions in aqueous solutions

Question 1

Molarity of water

Answer 1

55.5

Question 2

Maximum density of H2O is at

Answer 2

277 K

Question 3

Strength of a hydrogen bond in ice and water

Answer 3

~ 25 kJ/mol

Question 4

Lifetime of a given H2O molecule

Answer 4

1 picosecond

Question 5

Kw of water

Answer 5

1 x 10^-14

Question 6

Self ionizing

Answer 6

When a pure liquid partially dissociates into ions.

Question 7

Bronsted acids act as a

Answer 7

proton donor.

Question 8

Bronsted bases act as a

Answer 8

proton acceptor.

Question 9

Ka

Answer 9

Acid dissociation constant.

Question 10

Kb

Answer 10

Base dissociation constant.

Question 11

Kw

Answer 11

Self-ionization constant of water.

Question 12

The activity of any pure substance in its standard state is defined to be

Answer 12

unity.

Question 13

The larger the value of Ka, the

Answer 13

stronger the acid.

Question 14

The smaller the value of pKa, the

Answer 14

stronger the acid.

Question 15

The larger the value of pKb, the

Answer 15

stronger the base.

Question 16

The smaller the value of pKb, the

Answer 16

stronger the base.

Question 17

Standard state for liquid or solid substance conditions

Answer 17

298K and 1 bar pressure

Question 18

Standard state for solute in solution definition

Answer 18

a situation of infinite dilution.

Question 19

Standard state of solute in solution conditions

Answer 19

standard molality (m^o), 1 bar pressure, experiencing infinitely dilute behavior

Question 20

Activity definition

Answer 20

A measure of concentration that takes into account the interactions between the solution species.

Question 21

The relative activity of a solute is related to its

Answer 21

molality.

Question 22

Oxoacid definition

Answer 22

A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by proton loss.

Question 23

Order of ∇H^o in hydrogen halides

Answer 23

HF < HCl < HBr ≈ HI

Question 24

Bell’s rule relates

Answer 24

the first acid dissociation constant to the number of ‘hydrogen-free’ O atoms in an acid of formula EO_n(OH)_m

Question 25

Bell's rule equation

Answer 25

pK_a ≈ 8 - 5n

Question 26

Hydration is

Answer 26

the specific case of solvation when the solvent is water.

Question 27

In the aqueous chemistry of cations, hydrolysis refers to

Answer 27

the reversible loss of H⁺ from an aqua species.

Question 28

Charge density of an ion =

Answer 28

charge of the ion ÷ surface area of the ion

Question 29

Surface area of a sphere =

Answer 29

4(pi)r²

Question 30

Amphoteric

Answer 30

An oxide or hydroxide that can act as either an acid or a base.

Question 31

The solubility of a solid at a specific temperature is

Answer 31

the amount of solid (solute) that dissolves in a specified amount of solvent when equilibrium is reached.

Question 32

K_sp

Answer 32

solubility constant

Question 33

Gravimetric analysis

Answer 33

A quantitative technique in which the material under study is isolated as a precipitate.

Question 34

Coordinate bond

Answer 34

Formed when a Lewis base donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid.

Question 35

Adduct

Answer 35

Resulting species made by a coordinate bond.

Question 36

Solvent extraction involves

Answer 36

the extraction of a substance using a suitable solvent.

Question 37

\_\_\_\_\_\_ ligands form more stable complexes than ________ ligands.

Answer 37

polydentate, monodentate

Question 38

The denticity of a ligand is the

Answer 38

number of donor atoms through which the ligand coordinates to a metal atom or ion.

Question 39

Chelate effect

Answer 39

For a given metal ion, the thermodynamic stability of a chelated complex involving bidentate or polydentate ligands is greater than that of a complex containing a corresponding number of comparable monodentate ligands.

Question 40

Hard acids form more stable complexes with

Answer 40

hard bases.

Question 41

Hard bases form more stable complexes with

Answer 41

hard acids.