Chapter 7: Apportionment and Voting

Question 1

To divide/share out according to plan

Answer 1

Apportionment

Question 2

Hamilton plan formula

Answer 2

standard divisor = total population/number of people to proportion

Question 3

Whole number part of the quotient of a population divided by the standard divisor

Answer 3

Standard quota

Question 4

increasing the total number of available voting seats causes a state to lose seats overall

Answer 4

Alabama Paradox

Question 5

Alabama Paradox by who

Answer 5

Charles W. Seaton, chief clerk of U.S. Census Office

Question 6

Population of one state to be increasing faster than that of another state and for the state still to lose a representative

Answer 6

Population paradox

Question 7

adding a new entity to the population as well as a fair number of additional seats to accommodate the new entity can still impact the existing entities’ numbers

Answer 7

New states paradox

Question 8

2 examples of alabama paradox

Answer 8

population paradox
new states paradox

Question 9

Uses a modified standard divisor to yield the correct number of representatives

Answer 9

Jefferson Plan

Question 10

In Jefferson Plan, number by _______ is chosen so that the sum of the standard quotas is equal to the total number of representatives

Answer 10

trial and error

Question 11

Will always be smaller than the standard divisor

Answer 11

Modified Standard Divisor

Question 12

There may be more than one number that can serve as the ________

Answer 12

Modified Standard Divisor

Question 13

Number of representatives apportioned to a state is the standard quota or one more than the standard quota

Answer 13

Quota Rule

Question 14

What may violate the Quota Rule

Answer 14

Jefferson Plan

Question 15

Alabama Paradox may occur in what plan

Answer 15

Hamilton Plan

Question 16

One of the most fundamental principles of democracy

Answer 16

Right to Vote

Question 17

4 Methods of Voting

Answer 17

• Plurality Method of Voting
• Borda Count Method of Voting
• Plurality with Elimination
• Pairwise Comparison Method of Voting

Question 18

Each voter votes, and candidate with most (first place) votes win

Answer 18

Plurality Method of Voting

Question 19

• Winning candidate does not have to have majority of the votes
• Alternative choices are not considered

Answer 19

Plurality Method of Voting

Question 20

n candidates in election, each voter ranks the candidates by giving n points to the voter’s first choice, n – 1 to the second, n – 2, and so on and so forth. Candidate that has the most total points is winner

Answer 20

Borda Count Method of Voting

Question 21

First attempt to mathematically quantify voting systems by Jean C. Borda, member of French Academy of Sciences

Answer 21

Borda Count Method of Voting

Question 22

Borda Count Method of Voting by who

Answer 22

Jean C. Borda, member of French Academy of Sciences

Question 23

Can only occur in voting only when there are three or more candidates

Answer 23

Paradoxes

Question 24

In a two-candidate race, _____ and ______ are the same

Answer 24

majority, plurality

Question 25

• A variation of the plurality method of voting
• Board members first eliminate the site with the fewest number of first-place votes

Answer 25

Plurality with Elimination

Question 26

Candidate who wins all possible head-to-head matchups should win an election when all candidates appear on the ballot

Answer 26

Condorcet Criterion

Question 27

Condorcet Criterion by who

Answer 27

Maria Nicholas Caritat, member of french academy of sciences

Question 28

• “head-to-head” method
• Each candidate is compared one-on-one with each of the other candidates
• 1 point for a win, 0.5 for a tie, 0 for a loss; candidate with most points win
• Satisfies the Condorcet criterion

Answer 28

Pairwise Comparison Voting Method