Chapter 7 - Arthology - Joints

Question 1

Simple Joint

Answer 1

2 skeletal components (shoulder Jt, Hip Jt)

Question 2

Composite joint

Answer 2

3 or more skeletal components (humerus - elbow_

Question 3

If the joint is CT proper it is a…

Answer 3

Fibrous Jt

Question 4

If the joint is cartilage it is a…

Answer 4

Cartilaginous jt

Question 5

If the joint is a CT proper BUT has a cavity called a synovial cavity it is a….

Answer 5

Synovial Joint

Question 6

Characteristics of Fibrous Jts (synarthrosis)

Answer 6

united by fibrous CT

Little or no movement

Question 7

3 types of Fibrous Jts

Answer 7

Syndesmosis (ses - Plural)
Sutures
Gomphoses

Question 8

What is a Syndesmosis Jt and example?

Answer 8

Fibrous Joint
Side to side Jt
Jointed by interosseous membrane
Between Radios and Ulna

Question 9

What is a suture and example?

Answer 9

Fibrous Jt
Between flat bone of skull
33 of them

Question 10

What are the 4 categories of sutures?

Answer 10

serrated - Teeth of saw
Squamous - bones meet in beveled overlapping edges
planar - no overlapping or interlocking
Schindylesis - Y where a bone articulates with the cleft of another

Question 11

What is gomphoses and examples?

Answer 11

Fibrous Jt
between teeth and their bony sockets
known as dental alveolor joints

Question 12

What is peridontium

Answer 12

glue that holds the root of tooth in socket

Question 13

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 13

united by cartilage

Little or no movement

Question 14

What are the 2 subtypes of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

Synchondroses - Hyaline cartilage
- joints of skull and epiphyseal cartilage
Symphyses - moves with childbirth
- skeletal components united by fibrocartilage
-Pubic symphysis (slightly moveable)

Question 15

What is synostosis?

Answer 15

NOT A JOINT.

If bone replaces cartilage, a Jt becomes a synostosis, occurs naturally at epiphyseal plates

Question 16

What are synovial joints also known as?

Answer 16

diarthroses

Question 17

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 17

united by fibrous CT (fibrous joints) but also have an articular (“synovial”) cavity between the articulating surfaces.

Question 18

What are ligaments?

Answer 18

Synovial Jt’s are reinforced by ligaments
Fibrous CT bands and cords
help stabilize ‘joint capsule’

Question 19

What do the synovial membrane do?

Answer 19

secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity

Question 20

What does synovial fluid do?

Answer 20

lubricates articular cartilage

Question 21

What are capsular ligaments?

Answer 21

in the fibrous layer of the joint capsule (shoulder and hip joints)

Question 22

What is an extracapsular ligament?

Answer 22

located outside the fibrous later of the articular capsule

Question 23

What do we call extracapsuler ligaments that are paired (located on each side of the joint)?

Answer 23

collateral ligaments - present in most joints of the limbs

Question 24

What are intracapsular ligaments?

Answer 24

internal to fibrous layer…. very few joints have this but the hip does

Question 25

What things assists the joints.. "fill the gaps"?

Answer 25

Articular discs | Articular menisci

Question 26

What are articular discs?

Answer 26

completely separate articular cartilage Makes it better fit radiocarpal joint, sternseoclavicular joint

Question 27

What are articular menisci?

Answer 27

two incomplete articular discs, 'c' or 'half-mooned shape', found in genual Jt

Question 28

What is flexion?

Answer 28

a decrease in size of the flexor angle

Question 29

What is extension?

Answer 29

an increase in size of the flexor angle

Question 30

What is the angle opposite the flexor angle?

Answer 30

the 'extensor angle'

Question 31

Free part of the inferior limb (knee), flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

Answer 31

posterior

Question 32

Free part of the superior limb (elbow), flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

Answer 32

anterior

Question 33

Coxal jt, flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

Answer 33

anterior

Question 34

Joints of the vertebral column, flexor angle is posterior or anterior?

Answer 34

anterior. Bending head down is flexing the joints of the vertebral column

Question 35

What is hyper extend?

Answer 35

Jt components angled beyond 180 degrees

Question 36

What is dorsiflexion and plantar flexion?

Answer 36

``` occurs at tarsal joint... dorsiflexion (flexion) is easing off of the gas pedal plantar flexion (extension) is standing on your toes ```

Question 37

How do you speak properly using flexion and extension?

Answer 37

2 terms... action and joint! EX... NOT - Flex antebrachium YES - Flex at cubital joint

Question 38

What is abduction?

Answer 38

Movement away from median plane (point of reference).. limbs Metcarpophlangeal joint.. spread fingers out

Question 39

What is adduction?

Answer 39

movement towards the median plane (point of reference in the median plane)

Question 40

In the inferior limb, abduction/adduction can only happen at what joints?

Answer 40

hip jt and metatarsophalangeal jts

Question 41

When naming abduction and adduction, what is the proper way?

Answer 41

3 names.. action, region, joint Ex... Abduction of superior limb at shoulder joint

Question 42

What is rotation?

Answer 42

movement around the long axis

Question 43

What is pronation?

Answer 43

turns palmar aspect of manus posteriorly

Question 44

What is supination?

Answer 44

turns palm back toward NAP

Question 45

What is inversion?

Answer 45

balance on lateral part of foot

Question 46

What is eversion?

Answer 46

balance on the medial part of the foot

Question 47

What is protraction?

Answer 47

push jaw out of line

Question 48

What is retraction?

Answer 48

put jaw back into line

Question 49

What is circumduction?

Answer 49

circular motion involving finger, hand, foot, or limb | EX circumduction of manus at radiocarpal joint