Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton

Question 1

What general bones does the axial skeleton include?

Answer 1

Bones in:

• the skull
• the thoracic cage
• the vertebral column

Question 2

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Answer 2

80

Question 3

How many cranial bones are there?

Answer 3

8

Question 4

How many facial bones are there?

Answer 4

14

Question 5

How many bones are there in the skull?

Answer 5

22

Question 6

How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?

Answer 6

24

Question 7

What bones are contained in the vertebral column?

Answer 7

• 24 vertebrae
• sacrum
• coccyx

Question 8

What bones can be found in the thoracic cage?

Answer 8

• 24 ribs
• Sternum

Question 9

Functions of the axial skeleton?

Answer 9

• Supports and protects organs
• Provides a point of attachment for muscles that:
• adjust head, neck and trunk position
• allow breathing
• stabilize appendicular skeleton

Question 10

What is the function of the cranial bones?

Answer 10

-To enclose the brain cavity

Question 11

What is the function of facial bones?

Answer 11

-Protectin and support for entrances of digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 12

What are the 8 cranial bones?

Answer 12

• 1 occipital
• 2 parietal
• 2 temporal
• 1 sphenoid
• 1 ethmoid
• 1 frontal

Question 13

What are the 14 facial bones?

Answer 13

• 2 maxillae
• 2 pallatine
• 2 lacrimae
• 2 nasal
• 2 zygomatic
• 2 inferior nasal conche
• 1 mandible
• 1 vomer

Question 14

What are the 7 associated bones in the axial skeleton?

Answer 14

• Hyoid
• 6 auditory ossicles

Question 15

What are the four different types of sutures?

Answer 15

• lambdoid
• squamous
• saggital
• coronal

Question 16

Where is the lambdoid suture located?

Answer 16

Between the parietal and occipital bones

Question 17

Where is the coronal suture located?

Answer 17

Between the frontal bone and the parietal bones

Question 18

Where is the squamous suture located?

Answer 18

Between the parietal bones and the temporal bones

Question 19

Where is the saggital suture located?

Answer 19

Between the parietal bones

Question 20

What is this an image of?

Answer 20

Coronal suture

Question 21

What is this an image of?

Answer 21

Lambdoid suture

Question 22

What is this an image of?

Answer 22

Saggital suture

Question 23

What is this an image of?

Answer 23

Squamous suture

Question 24

What is the function of the occipital bone?

Answer 24

Forms a majority of the posterior and inferior surface of the cranium

Question 25

What are the different markings on the occipital bone? (7)

Answer 25

- external occipital protuberance - external occipital crest - occipital condyles - inferior and superior nuchal lines - foramen magnum - jugular foramen - hypoglossal canals

Question 26

What is number 6 in this image?

Answer 26

Foramen magnum

Question 27

What is the purpose of the foramen magnum?

Answer 27

Connects the cranial cavity with the vertebral canal

Question 28

What is the marking associated with #1?

Answer 28

External occipital protuberance

Question 29

What is the bone marking associated with #3?

Answer 29

Superior nuchal line

Question 30

What is the bone marking associated with #4?

Answer 30

External occipital crest

Question 31

What is the bone marking associated with #5?

Answer 31

Inferior nuchal line

Question 32

What bone marking is associated with #10?

Answer 32

Jugular notch

Question 33

What is the bone marking located at #11?

Answer 33

Occipital condyle

Question 34

What is the purpose of the jugular foramen?

Answer 34

For the internal jugular vein to fit through

Question 35

What are the hypoglossal canals?

Answer 35

Hypoglossal nerves flow through them

Question 36

What is the external occipital protuberance?

Answer 36

A small bump on the middle of the inferior surface

Question 37

What is the external occipital crest?

Answer 37

Allows for attachment of the ligamentum nuchae

Question 38

What is the purpose of the occipital condyles?

Answer 38

They articulate with the first vertebra

Question 39

What is the purpose of the superior and inferior nuchal lines?

Answer 39

For muscle and ligament attachment

Question 40

What part of the skull do the parietal bones cover?

Answer 40

The majority of the superior and lateral surface

Question 41

What are the bone markings associated with the parietal bones?

Answer 41

- The superior and inferior temporal lines - Grooves

Question 42

What bone are the superior and inferior temporal lines located on?

Answer 42

The parietal bones

Question 43

What is the purpose of the grooves on the parietal bones?

Answer 43

For cranial blood vessels

Question 44

What are the two lines called on the parietal bones?

Answer 44

The superior and inferior temporal lines

Question 45

What portion of the skull does the frontal bone form?

Answer 45

- Anterior portion of cranium - Roof of eye sockets

Question 46

What are the different bone markings of the frontal bone? (7)

Answer 46

- Forehead - Supraorbital margin - Glabella - Lacrimal fossa - Frontal sinuses - Supra-orbital foramen - Supra-orbital notch

Question 47

Where is the Glabella located?

Answer 47

-Between the supra orbital margins of the roof of the eye socket

Question 48

What is the function of the supra-orbital margine?

Answer 48

Eye protection

Question 49

What gland does the lacrimal fossa contain?

Answer 49

The lacrimal gland

Question 50

Where are the frontal sinuses located?

Answer 50

In the nasal cavity

Question 51

What is the purpose of the supra-orbital foramen?

Answer 51

For blood vessels of the eyebrows, eyelids and frontal sinuses

Question 52

What is a supra-orbital notch and where is it located?

Answer 52

- an incomplete supra-orbital foramen - at the ridge of the upper eye socket

Question 53

What part of the skull do the temporal bones cover? What functions do they have?

Answer 53

- The lateral walls of the skull - attach with mandable - surround and protect inner ear - attach muscles of jaw and head

Question 54

What are the bone markings of the temporal bones? (7)

Answer 54

- Mandibular fossa - Squamous part - Zygomatic process - Mastoid process - Styloid process - Petrous part - Auditory ossicles

Question 55

Where is the squamous part located?

Answer 55

-Borders the squamous suture

Question 56

Where is the zygomatic process located? What does it articulate with to create the zygomatic process?

Answer 56

- Inferior to the squamous part - With the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

Question 57

What is the mandibular fossa?

Answer 57

-The site of articulation with the mandible

Question 58

What is the purpose of the mastoid process?

Answer 58

-Muscle attachment

Question 59

What is the purpose of the styloid process?

Answer 59

- Articulation of ligaments and tendons of: - Hyoid - Tongue - Pharynx

Question 60

What is the purpose of the Petrous part?

Answer 60

-To enclose the structures of the internal ear

Question 61

What is the purpose of the corotid canal?

Answer 61

-Housing the internal carotid artery

Question 62

What does the foramen lacerum contain?

Answer 62

- Hyaline cartilage - Small arteries - Auditory tube

Question 63

What are the foramina of the temporal bone? (5)

Answer 63

- Carotid canal - Foramen lacerum - External acoustic meatus - Stylomastoid foramen - Internal acoustic meatus

Question 65

What is the purpose of the stylomastoid foramen?

Answer 65

-House the facial nerve

Question 66

What does the internal acoustic meatus contain?

Answer 66

- Blood vessels and nerves of internal ear - Facial nerve