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AFLCA > Chapter 7 Basics of Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Basics of Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Anatomy is the study of the human body

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2
Q

What is the study of the human body called?

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

What is Biomechanics?

A

Biomechanics is the study of movement mechanics.

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4
Q

What is the study of movement mechanics?

A

Biomechanics

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5
Q

What are the components of the human musculoskeletal system?

A

The Musculoskeletal System is made up of bones, muscles, joints, tendons.

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6
Q

Bones, muscles, joints, tendons make up the … ?

A

Musculoskeletal System

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7
Q

How are the bones, muscles, joints, tendons of the human musculoskeletal system arranged?

A

They are arranged in a way to allow a great variety of movements.

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8
Q

What does the skeleton consist of?

A

Bones and joints

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9
Q

What does the musculature consist of?

A

Muscles

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10
Q

Muscles make up the … ?

A

Musculature

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11
Q

The body’s bones and joints make up the … ?

A

Skeleton

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12
Q

Bones are both …?

A

Elastic and rigid

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13
Q

What provides the bones elasticity?

A

The organic matter, protein, that they contain

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14
Q

The organic matter, protein, that bones contain gives this characteristic

A

Elasticity

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15
Q

What provides a bone’s rigidity?

A

Inorganic matter - minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

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16
Q

Inorganic content, minerals such as calcium, provide this characteristic for bones

A

Rigidity

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17
Q

What decreases in the bones due to aging?

A

Inorganic material - minerals.

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18
Q

What are the five important functions of the skeletal system?

A 
Protect the organs and soft tissues
Give support to soft tissues
Facilitate the production of red blood cells
Act as a reservoir for minerals
Provide attachments for skeletal muscle
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19
Q

How many bones are there in the human body?

A

206

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20
Q

What are the two areas of the skeletal system’s bones?

A

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

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21
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

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22
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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23
Q

Which bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

Head, spinal column, chest

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24
Q

What bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

Arms, shoulders, legs, pelvis

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25
Bones are divided into what 5 categories?
``` Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones ```
26
Where can you find the body’s long bones?
Arms and legs
27
What function do the long bones serve?
They act as levers to move the body
28
Which bones act as levers to move the body
The long bones
29
Where can you find the body’s short bones?
In the wrist and ankle
30
What classification of bones are found in the wrist and ankle?
Short bones
31
What function do the short bones serve?
They give strength to mobile joints (ankle, wrist)
32
Where are the flat bones of the body found?
In the ribs, skull, breastbone, pelvis
33
What kind of bones are found in the ribs, skull, breastbone, pelvis? In the ribs, skull, breastbone, pelvis
Flat bones
34
What do the flat bones do?
They provide protection for internal organs
35
What kind of bones are found in the arms and legs?
Long bones
36
There are 206 —— in ——-
Bones in the human body
37
There are 80 —- in —-
Bones in the axial skeleton
38
There are 126 —- in —-
Bones in the appendicular skeleton
39
What is an example of irregular bones?
The vertebrae
40
What classification of bones provide support for the body?
Irregular bones
41
What do Irregular bones provide?
Support for the body
42
Vertebrae are what kind of bone?
Irregular bones
43
What function do sesamoid bones provide?
Protection for internal joint structures
44
The patella is what kind of bone?
Sesamoid
45
One sesamoid bone is ...
The patella
46
How many areas are in the spinal column?
There are 5 areas
47
What are the areas of the spinal column?
``` Cervical spine, or neck Thoracic spine, or mid-back Lumbar, or lower back Sacrum Coccyx, or tailbone ```
48
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?
7
49
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
12
50
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?
5
51
How many vertebrae are in the sacrum?
5 that are fused into a single unit
52
How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?
4 or 5 that are fused together
53
Vertebrae are bones that make up the ...
Spinal column
54
The spinal column is made up of what kind of bones?
Vertebrae
55
What are the functions of the vertebrae?
``` Support the body Bear the weight of head, neck, and trunk Protect the spinal cord Provide passageway for nerves Provide upright body posture ```
56
In what body position do we determine the anatomical position?
Standing, trunk erect, arms at side, palms forward, legs straight, toes forward
57
Superior refers to
Situated above - toward the head.
58
Inferior refers to
Below - away from the head
59
Anterior refers to
Situated in front of, or towards the front. The front of the body or structure
60
An example of anterior position ...
The pectorals are anterior to the latissimus dorsi.
61
An example of superior position
The knee joint is superior to the ankle joint
62
An example of inferior position
The wrist is inferior to the elbow
63
Posterior refers to
Situated behind, or towards the back The back of the body or structure
64
An example of posterior
The erector spinae are posterior to the abdominals
65
Midline refers to
An imaginary line that runs down the middle of the body - dividing it into equal left and right halves.
66
What is the imaginary line that runs down the middle of the body
The midline
67
What does medical refer to?
Toward the midline of the body - or movement toward the midline
68
An example of medial
The scapula is medial to the humerus

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