Chapter 7 beginning Flashcards
(19 cards)
Carbohydrates molecular formula
(CH2O)n
Where are carbohydrates produced from?
Produced from CO2 and H2O via photosynthesis in plants
What are the 3 major classes of Carbohydrates,
monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides?
simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose), 6 carbon sugar D-glucose form
What are oligosaccharides?
short chains of monosaccharides e.g. the disaccharide glucose
What is a polysaccharide?
polysaccharides: sugar polymers containing more than 20 or so
monosaccharide units. Can be linear (e.g. cellulose) or branched (e.g.
glycogen
what are some functions of carbohydrates?
broken down as a source of chemical energy also complex carbs make up the structure of cells
When carbs combine with proteins, what is created?
can be covalently linked with proteins to form glycoproteins (proteins
covalently linked to oligosaccharide chains) and proteoglycans (proteins heavily
glycosylated
what is the common functional groups of carbs
carbonyl group
basic momenclature
carbon number + ose
What expression is for stereoisomers?
2^n (n chiral centers)
Define enantiomers
stereoisomers of nonsuperimposable mirror images
What determines whether a carbonyl is D or L
In sugars, the most distant carbon from the carbonyl carbon is
designated as D (right) or L (left)
L and D glucose have the same
water solubility
Most hexoses in living organisms are ______
* Some simple sugars occur in the L-form, such as L-arabinos
D stereoisomers
stereoisomers that are not mirror images
* have different physical properties
− water solubilities of threose and erythrose are different
Diastereomers
two
sugars differ
only in the
configuration
around one
carbon atom
epimers
What functionality does aldose contain?
aldehyde
what functionality does ketose contain?
ketones
