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Pre AP Biology (Smiley) > Chapter 7 Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostatsis?

A

the process of keeping the internal conditions in an organism stable.

this refers to the need for living organisms to maintain a stable internal environment to survive (temp., O2, nutrients, and pH)

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2
Q

What is Cellular Transport?

A

the movement of materials into and out of the cells

maintaining homeostasis

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3
Q

What is the Cell Membrane?

A

the membrane that surrounds the contents of a cell and allows only certain things in/out of the cell (protects) (contains protein)

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4
Q

What does selectively permeable mean?

A

the membrane only allows certain substances in (the substances that are allowed are considered permeable)

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5
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

A

the 2 layers of phospholipid molecules arranged tail to tail that help make up cell membrane

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6
Q

What is the active transport?

A

process such as endocytosis and exocytosis that require some of the cells energy.

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7
Q

What is passive transport?

A

process such as osmosis and diffusion that do not require energy.

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8
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of RANDOM molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower. (lungs)

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9
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

diffusion of molecules across a membrane through special proteins in the membrane

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10
Q

What is an equilibrium?

A

When concentrations on both sides are equal.

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11
Q

What is osmosis?

A

the movement of water across a membrane

always in water) (moves solutes
(greater on one side than the other) (selectively permeable)

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12
Q

What is solute?

A

dissolved particles

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13
Q

What is Hypertonic?

A

having a higher solute concentration outside the cell and causing the cell to shrink

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14
Q

What is Hypotonic?

A

having a higher solute concentration inside the cell and causing the cell to swell (hippo)

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15
Q

What is Isotonic?

A

having an equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell (no net movement)

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16
Q

Why did scientists call cells “mosaics”?

A

There are many parts working together just like a mosaic

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17
Q

Name three types of organisms that have cell walls.

A

plants, algae, fungi

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18
Q

What does a cell wall do?

A

provide support and protection made of cellulose

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19
Q

What is a solution?

A

a mixture of 2 or more substances

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20
Q

Because cells are hypertonic in relation to fresh water, __________ produces a net movement in the water

A

osmotic pressure (cell walls keep the cells from bursting from this pressure)

21
Q

What are protein channels?

A

make it easy for certain molecules to cross the membrane.

22
Q

Active Transport move molecules (with/against) the concentration gradient.

A

against

23
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

the process of taking material by the “pockets” of the cell membrane.

the 2 types are phagocytosis(how amoeba gets food) and phocytosis

24
Q

List the 3 components of the cell theory.

A
  • All living things are made of cells.
  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function
  • New cells are produced from old ones
25
Q

High resolution video technology can be used to produce moves of cells as they _____.

A

grow, divide, and develop.

26
Q

Why are cells called cells and who was the first to see and name them?

A

Robert Hooke saw them as little rooms (cells)

27
Q

Transmission electron microscopes can be used to used to explore cell ___ and ____ molecules.

A

structures and protein

28
Q

Scanning electron microscope produces what kind of images?

A

3D

29
Q

KNOW TIMELINE (on 7.1-7.2 sheet)

A

:)))

30
Q

Scanning Probe microscopes observe what?

A

Single atoms

31
Q

What do all cells have?

A

cell membrane, DNA

32
Q

What defines/ divides cells?

A

Whether or not they have a nucleus

33
Q

“eu” means what

A

true

34
Q

“pro” means what

A

before

35
Q

Prokaryotes have DNA but is it stored in the nucleus?

A

no, it does not have a nucleus.

instead they reproduce and respond

(simple organisms)

36
Q

Eukaryotes have DNA but is it stored in the nucleus?

A

yes, it is

larger than prokaryotes (like a factory)

divided into nucleus and cytoplasm

(plants, animals, fungi, and protists)

37
Q

Organelles are also known as what?

A

Little organs

38
Q

KNOW PARTS OF THE CELL AND THEIR FUNCTION

A

on the 7.1-7.2 sheet

39
Q

What is the Nucleolus?

A

part of the nucleus that is small and dense.

40
Q

What is the Nuclear Envelope?

A

what the nucleus is surrounded by (composed of 2 membranes)

41
Q

What is a Ribosome?

A

small particles of RNA and found throughout the cytoplasm

42
Q

What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

portion of the ER involved in synthesis of proteins (aka rougher)

43
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus?

A

customizes the proteins

44
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

the digestion and breakdown of lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the cell

45
Q

How do cells get energy?

A

food molecules or the sun

46
Q

What is the Mitochondria?

A

organelles that convert the chemical energy stored if food in compounds that are more convenient. (contain their own genetic material)

47
Q

What is the Chloroplast?

A

the biological solar power plants (contain their own genetic material)

48
Q

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A

something that helps support the cell

49
Q

What is the Centriole?

A

helps organize cell division and are not found in plants.

Pre AP Biology (Smiley) (2 decks)

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