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Cardiovascular Certification > Chapter 7: Cardiac and Vascular Risk > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Cardiac and Vascular Risk Flashcards

1
Q

The term that describes the characteristics found in healthy people that are independently related to the subsequent development of coronary heart disease.

A

Cardiac risk factor

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2
Q

__________ cardiac risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, low HDL level, diabetes, tobacco use, and obesity.

A

Modifiable

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3
Q

__________ cardiac risk factors include age, gender, and family history of premature coronary heart disease in a first degree relative.

A

Nonmodifiable

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4
Q

Patients with a coronary heart disease risk equivalent have the __________ of coronary heart disease risk but have no yet experienced a coronary heart disease event.

A

Same level

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5
Q

What are the 3 coronary heart disease risk equivalent groups?

A
  1. Patients with 2 or more cardiac risk factors
  2. Patients with PVD, AAA, and symptomatic carotid artery disease
  3. Patients with type 2 diabetes
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6
Q

Study that has provided the richest source of data on predictors of heart and valvular disease. Current emphasis is on biomarkers and genetics as risk factors for heart disease.

A

The Framingham Heart Study

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7
Q

In the general population greater than 60 years, initiate pharmacologic treatment to lower SBP > ______ or diastolic BP > _______.

A

150; 90

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8
Q

In the general population less than 60 years, initiate pharmacologic treatment to lower diastolic BP > _____ and treat to goal of diastolic BP < _______

A

90; 90

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9
Q

In the general population less than 60 years, initiate pharmacologic treatment to lower SBP > _____ and treat to a goal of SBP < _____

A

140; 140

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10
Q

In the population greater than 18 with chronic kidney disease or diabetes, initiate pharmacologic treatment to lower SBP > ____ or diastolic BP > _____ and treat with goal SBP < ______ and diastolic BP < _______

A

140; 90; 140; 90

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11
Q

In the general population, including those with diabetes, initial hypertensive treatment should include one medication from what 4 classes of medications?

A
  1. Thiazide diuretic
  2. Calcium channel blocker
  3. ACE
  4. ARB
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12
Q

In the general black population, including those with diabetes, initial hypertensive treatment should include one medication from what 2 classes of medications?

A
  1. Thiazide diuretic

2. Calcium channel blocker

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13
Q

In the population greater than 18 years with chronic kidney disease, initial or add on antihypertensive treatment should include a(n) ____ or _____ to improve kidney outcomes. This applies to all chronic kidney diseases with hypertension regardless or race or diabetes status.

A

ACE or ARB

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14
Q

Can you use an ACE and ARB in the same patient?

A

No

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15
Q

If the goal blood pressure is not reached within _____ month(s) of treatment, increase the dose of the initial drug or add a second drug (thiazide diuretic, calcium channel blocker, ACE, or ARB).

A

One

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16
Q

What type of cholesterol is targeted with cholesterol medications?

A

LDL

17
Q

______ dose statin used for:
Clinical atherosclerotic disease and age 21-75; includes MI, angina syndrome, prior arterial revascularization, CVA, TIA, or PAD

A

High

18
Q

______ dose statin used for:

Diabetes age 40-75 and if 10 year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk > 7.5%

A

High

19
Q

______ dose statin used for:

Diabetics age 40-75 and if 10 year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease < 7.5%

A

Moderate

20
Q

Does diabetes accelerate artheromatous process that results in increased risk for atherosclerotic disease?

A

Yes

21
Q

Is left ventricular hypertrophy associated with increased incidences of cardiovascular disease?

A

Yes

22
Q

What study has developed and updated mathematical health risk appraisal models that relate risk factors to the probability of developing coronary heart disease within the next 10 years?

A

The Framingham Heart Study

Ex: 24 points = 9% probability of an event within 10 years

23
Q

What are 4 modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A
  1. HTN
  2. Diabetes, hyperinsulinemia,and insulin resistance
  3. Asymptomatic aortic stenosis
  4. Afib
24
Q

Two thirds of people who experience a first stroke have BP higher than _______.

A

160/95

25
Q

What does CHADS2 stand for in regards to stroke risk factors?

A 
C - Congestive heart failure  (1 point)
H - Hypertension  (1 point)
A - Age > 75  (1 point)
D - Diabetes  (1 point)
S - Stroke or TIA  (2 points)
26
Q

8% of men and 11% of women will have a stroke within ____ years after an MI.

A

6

27
Q

Post-MI development of Afib is a common source of _________.

A

Cardiogenic emboli

28
Q

What are 5 risk factors for PVD?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. HTN
  3. Hyperlipidemia
  4. Increased age
  5. Smoking

Cardiovascular Certification (7 decks)

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