Chapter 7 Cell Respiration

Question 1

Where do the following stages take place in a eukaryotic cell?
Glycolysis
Acetyl-coal synthesis
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 1

Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Mitochondria
Mitochondria respectively

Question 2

Define oxidation and reduction

Answer 2

Loss of electrons therefore reducing agent

Gain of electrons therefore oxidizing agent

Question 3

When energy is released in the form of ATP where is it stored during cell respiration?

Answer 3

Electron carriers

Question 4

What are the two ways the cell can produce ATP?

Answer 4

Substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 5

Define substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 5

Transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP occurs during stages 1 and 3

Question 6

How many ATP are produced during glycolysis

Answer 6

7
2 from SLP( substrate level phosphorylation )
5 from OP ( oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 7

How many ATP are produce during acetyl coa synthesis?

Answer 7

5 all from OP

Question 8

How many ATP are produced during the citric acid cycle?

Answer 8

20
2 from SLP
18 from OP

Question 9

Is phase 1 of glycolysis endergonic?

Answer 9

Yes it consumes 2 ATP to trap glucose into the cell for the next phase

Question 10

What happens in phase 2 of glycolysis?

Answer 10

Cleavage phase breaking sugar isomers into two

Question 11

What happens in phase 3 of glycolysis?

Answer 11

Production of 4 ATP and 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate continuing

Question 12

Define dehydrogenase complex

Answer 12

Group of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of pyruvate to acetyl coa

Question 13

Describe the citric acid cycle

Answer 13

Oxaloacetate and acetyl coa form citrate

Results in: 2 ATP, 6NADH and 2FADH

Question 14

By which complex do electrons from NADH enter the electron transport chain?

Answer 14

Complex 1

Question 15

By which complex do electrons from FADH enter the electron transport chain?

Answer 15

Complex 2

Question 16

What is the purpose of coenzyme Q in the ETC?

Answer 16

To transport electrons from complexes 1 and 2 and 3

Question 17

When is water formed in the ETC?

Answer 17

When cytochrome C moves to complex 4

Question 18

What is the purpose of cellular respiration 3 things?

Answer 18

Breakdown carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
Release energy to do work
Converting organic molecules to energy in the form of ATP

Question 19

How is ATP synthesized whiting the ETC?

Answer 19

ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient to drive the synthesis of ATP

Question 20

Is the transport of electrons in complexes 1,3 and 4 coupled with the transport of protons

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

How does ATP synthase catalyze the synthesis of ATP?

Answer 21

The rotational energy catalyze so the synthesis of ATP as protons pass through it

Question 22

What is the main driver of ATP synthesis?

Answer 22

The proton gradient

Question 23

1 NADH makes how many molecules of ATP?

Answer 23

2.5

Question 24

1 FADH makes how many molecules of ATP?

Answer 24

1.5

Question 25

Define fermentation

Answer 25

Controlled snare in breakdown of an energy rich compound

Question 26

What are the two main types of fermentation? And which systems to they correspond?

Answer 26

Lactic acid found in animals and bacteria | Ethanol in fungus

Question 27

Define allosteric regulation

Answer 27

Regulators bind on the enzyme to change the shape of the active site providing greater select ability to the use of the enzyme