Chapter 7 Definitions

Question 1

Quantum Mechanics

Answer 1

The theory that explains the behavior of the absolutely small

Question 2

Waves out of phase means destructive Interference. True/False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Waves in phase means constructive Interference. True/False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Waves out of phase make bright spot. True/False

Answer 4

Dark Spot

Question 5

Waves in phase makes bright spot. True/False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are photons?

Answer 6

Discrete packets of light

Question 7

What do prisms do?

Answer 7

They separate component wavelengths.

Question 8

Light is emitted as electron falls back to a lower energy lever. True/False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Quantum-Mechanical Model

Answer 9

Explains how electrons exist in atoms and how the electrons determine the chemical and physical properties of elements

Question 10

Electric Field

Answer 10

A region of space where an electrically charged particle experiences a force

Question 11

Magnetic Field

Answer 11

A region of space where a magnetic particle experiences a force.

Question 12

Amplitude

Answer 12

Vertical height. The amplitude determines the light’s intensity or brightness. Greater the amplitude, the greater the brightness

Question 13

Wavelength

Answer 13

Distance between waves. Greater the wavelength, less frequency. Different wavelengths means different colors. Longer wavelengths means red (low energy). Shorter wavelengths means violet (high energy).

Question 14

List the electromagnetic spectrum from low energy to high energy?

Answer 14

Radia, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light. Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma ray

Question 15

Our eyes can only see reflected light. True/False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is on the right side of the electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 16

High energy, short wavelength, and high frequency

Question 17

What is on the left side of the electromagnetic radiation?

Answer 17

Low energy, Long wavelength, and low frequency

Question 18

Interference

Answer 18

How waves interact with each other

Question 19

The photoelectric effect

Answer 19

Observation that metals can emit electrons when light shines upon them

Question 20

Atomic spectroscopy

Answer 20

The study of the electromagnetic radiation and emitted by atoms

Question 21

Emission Spectrum

Answer 21

A series of bright lines at specific wavelengths

Question 22

The white light spectrum is continuous? True/False

Answer 22

True. It consists of light of all wavelength

Question 23

De Broglie Relation

Answer 23

The wavelength of an electron mass moving at velocity

Question 24

Probability distribution map

Answer 24

Shows where an electron is likely to be found

Question 25

Indeterminacy (vague)

Answer 25

Position of an electron is not possible

Question 26

The solution to the Schrodinger equation for an atom results in three quantum numbers. True/False

Answer 26

True. These numbers describe the size, energy, shape, and orientation of orbitals or energy levels. These are for hydrogen atoms.

Question 27

What is the Principal Quantum Number (n)

Answer 27

An integer that determines the overall size of the orbital and indicates the energy level of an electron in an orbital

Question 28

Angular Momentum Quantum Number (azimuthal quantum number)(l)

Answer 28

An integer that relates with the shape of the orbital

Question 29

Magnetic Quantum Number(ML)

Answer 29

An integer that specifies the orientation of the orbital

Question 30

What is orbital with same principal level

Answer 30

This means that orbitals have the same value of n

Question 31

What is orbital with same sublevel(subshell)

Answer 31

This means the orbitals have the same value of n and l

Question 32

Probability Density

Answer 32

The probability(per unit volume) of finding the electron at a point in space. As you move away from the nucleus the probability density decreases.

Question 33

Radial Distribution Function

Answer 33

Total probability of finding the electron within a thin spherical shell at a distance r from the nucleus. It has a value of zero at the nucleus.

Question 34

Node

Answer 34

Point where the wave function and the probability density and radial distribution all go through zero. The probability of finding an electron at a node is zero. It separates the phases of an orbital

Question 35

Two types of nodes

Answer 35

Angular and radial

Question 36

Radial Nodes (spherical node)

Answer 36

Spherical surface region where the probability of finding an electron is zero

Question 37

Angular Nodes

Answer 37

Always equal to the angular momentum Quantum Number. For an s orbital there are no angular nodes. These are planes or surfaces where there is a zero probability of finding an electron

Question 38

Phase

Answer 38

The sign of the amplitude of a wave(positive or negative). Important in bonding

Question 39

Electron Configuration

Answer 39

Indicates what orbitals are occupied by electron

Question 40

Ground State

Answer 40

Lowest energy electron configuration

Question 41

Electron Spin (Stern-Gerlach Experiment)

Answer 41

The direction of the arrow in an orbital diagram (pointing up or down)

Question 42

Spin Quantum Number (Ms)

Answer 42

The spin of an electron is specified by a fourth quantum number

Question 43

Pauli Exclusion Principle

Answer 43

No two electron in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers. Implies that each orbital can have a maximum of only two electrons, with opposing spins

Question 44

Coulombs Law

Answer 44

The interactions between charged particles

Question 45

Shielding

Answer 45

How one electron can shield another electron from the full charge of the nucleus

Question 46

Penetration

Answer 46

how one atomic orbital can overlap spatially with another, thus penetrating into a region close to the nucleus.

Question 47

Aufbau Principle (build up)

Answer 47

An electron occupies orbitals in order form lowest energy to highest

Question 48

Hund's Rule

Answer 48

every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.

Question 49

Paramagnetic

Answer 49

An atom or ion that contains unpaired electrons is attracted to an external magnetic field

Question 50

Diamagnetic