CHAPTER 7: Deviance, Crime, and Social Control

Question 1

Control Theory

Answer 1

a theory that states social control is directly affected by the strength of social bonds and that deviance results from a feeling of disconnection from the society

Question 1

Conflict Theory

Answer 1

a theory that examines the social and economic factors as the causes of social deviance

Question 2

Corporate Crime

Answer 2

crime committed by white-collar workers in a business environment

Question 3

Corrections System

Answer 3

the system tasked with supervising individuals who have been arrested for, convicted for, and sentenced for criminal offenses

Question 4

Court

Answer 4

a system that has the authority to make decisions based on law

Question 5

Crime

Answer 5

behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions

Question 6

Criminal Justice System

Answer 6

an organization that exists to enforce a legal code

Question 7

Deviance

Answer 7

a violation of contextual, cultural, or social norms

Question 8

Differential Association Theory

Answer 8

a theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models and opportunities for deviance

Question 9

Formal Sanctions

Answer 9

sanctions that are officially recognized and enforced

Question 10

Hate Crimes

Answer 10

attacks based on individual’s race, religion, or other characteristics

Question 11

Informal Sanctions

Answer 11

sanctions that occur in face-to-face interactions

Question 12

Labeling Theory

Answer 12

the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society

Question 13

Legal Codes

Answer 13

codes that maintain formal social control through laws

Question 14

Mater Status

Answer 14

a label thar describes the chief characteristic of an individual

Question 15

Negative Sanctions

Answer 15

punishments for violating norms

Question 16

Nonviolent Crimes

Answer 16

crimes that involve the destruction or theft of property, but do not use force of threat of force

Question 17

Police

Answer 17

a civil force in charge of regulating laws and public order at a federal, state, or community level

Question 18

Positive Sanctions

Answer 18

rewards given for conforming to norms

Question 19

Power Elite

Answer 19

a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources

Question 20

Primary Deviance

Answer 20

a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others

Question 21

Sanctions

Answer 21

the means of enforcing rules

Question 22

Secondary Deviance

Answer 22

deviance that occurs when a person’s self-image and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society

Question 23

Self-report study

Answer 23

a collection of data acquired using voluntary response methods, such as questionnaires or phone interviews

Question 24

Social Control

Answer 24

the regulation and enforcement of norms

Question 25

Social Disorganization Theory

Answer 25

a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

Question 26

Social Order

Answer 26

An arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives

Question 27

Strain Theory

Answer 27

a theory that addresses the relationship between socially acceptable goals and having socially acceptable means to reach those goals

Question 28

Street Crime

Answer 28

crime committed by average people against other people or organizations, usually in public places

Question 29

Victimless Crime

Answer 29

activities against the law, but that do not result in injury to any individual other than the person who engages in them

Question 30

Violent Crime

Answer 30

crimes based on the use of force or threat of force