Chapter 7 (EXAM 2)

Question 1

What is a fomite

Answer 1

An animate object

Question 2

What is sterilization

Answer 2

Getting rid of all forms of live, including endospores, but not prions

Question 3

What is disinfection

Answer 3

Destruction of the vegetative pathogens on nonliving surfaces

Question 4

What is antisepsis

Answer 4

Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue

Question 5

What is degerming

Answer 5

Removal of microbes from a limited area, such as a skin around an injection site

Question 6

What is sanitation

Answer 6

Making things favorable to health

Question 7

What is nonsocomial

Answer 7

Referring to the hospital

Question 8

What is pseudonomads

Answer 8

The type of gram - bacteria that is resistant in a hospital environment

Question 9

What is broad-spectrum

Answer 9

The killing of a lot of different microorganisms

Question 10

What is narrow spectrum

Answer 10

The killing of a few microorganisms

Question 11

What are the physical methods of microbial removal and what parts does it affect

Answer 11

Affects the viral parts of a bacterium, cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, enzymes.
Disinfectants can destroy one or more, has to be pH of 7
Auto cleaving, spore strip test, boiling,, dry heat, UV light, ionizing radiation, chemical vapors, pasteurization, filtration

Question 12

Describe the autoclave method

Answer 12

A stream under pressure that dentures proteins and DNA
Has to be a certain temp, within a time frame(15 min)
Prions are resistant

Question 13

Describe the spore strip method

Answer 13

Certain endospores are incased in plastic and attached in pigments that will change colors if the autoclave works correctly

Question 14

Describe boiling method

Answer 14

Directions have to be followed depending on what your sterilizing

Question 15

Describe the tenderization method

Answer 15

Sterilization process where fluids are boiled and cooled over several days

Question 16

Describe dry heat method

Answer 16

When flaming is done, if properly done, it destroys chemical bonds in enzymes, DNA, CW and cell membrane

Question 17

Describe UV method

Answer 17

Longer wave length, destroys DNA

Question 18

Describe ionizing radiation

Answer 18

Shorter wave length, creates ions that stick to DNA and makes it unusable/unreadable

Question 19

Describe chemical vapors

Answer 19

Etholene oxide

Inhibits vital cell functions, mainly for materials that cannot be heated

Question 20

What is dessication

Answer 20

Drying things out

Question 21

What is lysolization

Answer 21

freeze drying

Question 22

What is pasteurization

Answer 22

NOT sterilizing
High heat is applied to fluids for a few seconds in order to kill some bacteria but not all. Helps to increase shelf life

Question 23

What is filtration

Answer 23

NOT sterlilizing

Necessary for heat-liable solutions

Question 24

What are hepa filters

Answer 24

Allows microorganisms that are .3 microns to not pass though the filter

Question 25

What are the chemical methods of microbial removal and its examples

Answer 25

Have the ability to destroy cw, cell membrane., DNA and enzymes Include: factors of effectiveness and disinfectants,

Question 26

What are the factors of effectiveness

Answer 26

Temp: most chemicals work in room temp. 70 degrees Organic matter: feces, urine and pus has to be removed before disinfectant or it won't work Time: designed to work after 10 min on the surface Concentration: how much of the disinfectant is the most useful amount to work microbiology type: prisons are the most resistant

Question 27

What is microbial death rate

Answer 27

Every minute a disinfectant is left on the surface ut kills 90% of the microbes After 2 min= 90% of what's left over is killed After 10 min= disinfectant is no longer useful

Question 28

What are the disc diffusion methods

Answer 28

Plate of bacteria is prepared as bacterial lawn and discs are placed, impregnated with different types of disinfectants After 24 hours a zone of inhibition surrounds the disc. How big the clearing area is is based on -how big the molecule of the disinfectant is -how susceptible the bacterium is to the disinfectant

Question 29

Zone of inhibition: Resistant

Answer 29

Bacteria is growing right up against the disc

Question 30

Zone of inhibition: Intermediate

Answer 30

Little bit of a zone around the disc

Question 31

Zone of inhibition: Suseptible

Answer 31

Zone is bigger compared to others

Question 32

What does it meant to be bacteriostatic

Answer 32

After 24 hours of the disc diffusion being done, the bacteria starts to grow back in the zone area and the zone is not clear anymore. Means disinfectant only slowed down binary fission, didn't kill it

Question 33

What does it mean to be bacteria-systole

Answer 33

After 24 hours of the disc diffusion being done, the clearing area stays. Means the bacteria was in fact killed

Question 34

What is the use-dilution test

Answer 34

When you take a metal ring disc that contains many types of bacteria and endospores. Dip them into concentration of disinfectant for 10 minutes at room temp. Put the disc again patry dish agar and watch for growth for 24 hours

Question 35

What do alcohols affect

Answer 35

Cell membrane lipids

Question 36

What are quats

Answer 36

effective against cell membrane, proteins, gram + organisms | Endospores and pseudo nomads are resistant

Question 37

What does soap affect

Answer 37

Only responsible for mechanical removal of microbes, more of a degermer Which one to use depends on where you are and what microbes you come in contact with

Question 38

What organisms are resistant to disinfectants and aniseptics

Answer 38

Mycobacteria, endospores, protozoan cysts and oocytes

Question 39

Are non enveloped viruses more resistant than enveloped viruses

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

What organisms is resistant to disinfectants

Answer 40

prions

Question 41

What is the microbial resistance from more resistant to least

Answer 41

Prions, endospores, micro bacteria, cyst, vegetative, gram -, fungus, virus w/t envelope, gram +, virus with envelope

Question 42

What bacterial parts are vital to a bacterium

Answer 42

Cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, protein/enzyme

Question 43

What concentration of ethyl alcohol is more effective

Answer 43

70-30

Question 44

Why is autoclaving limited

Answer 44

Doesn't kill endospores and requires a specific time and you can't steam everything

Question 45

Which is more resistance gram- or gram+ & prions or viruses

Answer 45

gram- and prions

Question 46

What happens each minute a antimicrobial is left on a surface

Answer 46

It kills 90% of the bacteria

Question 47

What are the disadvantages of UV radiation as a microbial control

Answer 47

UV doesn't penetrate solids even if they're clear