Chapter 7 Foundations of Chemistry Study Guide

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

Substance

Answer 2

A single kind of matter that is pure

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.

Question 4

Atom

Answer 4

The smallest piece of an element

Question 5

Molecule

Answer 5

Are formed when groups of two or more atoms create chemical bonds between one another

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

Made from two or more elements

Question 7

Mixture

Answer 7

Are not pure substances

Question 8

Mass

Answer 8

The amount of matter in an object

Question 9

The law of Conservation of Mass\Matter

Answer 9

Matter is not created nor is it destroyed during a chemical or physical change

Question 10

Energy

Answer 10

The ability to do work or cause change

Question 11

Kinetic Energy

Answer 11

Energy of moving things

Question 12

Potential Energy

Answer 12

Energy stored in an object because of its position

Question 13

Physical Change

Answer 13

Any change that results in a change in shape or form

Question 14

Chemical Change

Answer 14

Happens when a substance is transformed into a different substance

Question 15

difference between a physical and chemical property

Answer 15

Chemical - ability to change into different substance
Physical - without changing into another substance

Question 16

Chemical properties example

Answer 16

Burning wood, rusting, mold

Question 17

Physical properties example

Answer 17

Freezing\Boiling point, Hardness, Texture, Color

Question 18

Difference between mixture and a compound

Answer 18

Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties

Question 19

Mixture examples

Answer 19

Soil, Air, Brass

Question 20

Compound examples

Answer 20

Water, sodium chlorine, Alcohol

Question 21

What are some ways to separate a mixture

Answer 21

Magnetism, Filtering, Distillation, Evaporation

Question 22

Compare and contrast mass and weight

Answer 22

Similarities - They can both be measured,
Differences - mass will never change no matter where you are
weight can change depending on the force of gravity

Question 23

Volume formula

Answer 23

Length x Width x Height

Question 24

Density formula

Answer 24

Mass divided by Volume

Question 25

4 states of matter

Answer 25

Solids, Liquids, Gas, Plasma

Question 26

physical change cycle

Answer 26

solids melt to liquid, liquid evaporates to gas, gas condenses to liquid, liquid freezes to solid,
note ; Liquids CAN turn directly to gas ( Sublimation )

Question 27

differences between thermal energy and temperature

Answer 27

Temperature is the movement of particles and T.E is how much or little they move

Question 28

difference between an endothermic and exothermic change.

Answer 28

endothermic is when energy is taken in and exothermic is when energy is given off

Question 29

5 types of energy

Answer 29

Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy, Chemical Energy, Electromagnetic Energy, Electrical Energy.

Question 30

Differences between the 5 types of energy

Answer 30

Potential-stores energy due to position
Chemical- stores energy in chemical bonds
Kinetic-energy that moves things
Electromagnetic - travels through space as waves
Electrical - charges particles that are moving

Question 31

how are the particles of matter arranged in all four states of matter.

Answer 31

Solid - particles are packed together tightly
Liquid - particles are spread slightly more than solid
Gas - particles are the furthest apart
Plasma - not fixed in place (varys)