Chapter 7 Lipids Flashcards
(24 cards)
9 carbons or less and unsaturated hydrocarbon form what structure at room temperature?
Oily liquids
At what pH are fatty acids fully ionized?
7
Saturated?
No double bonds
Unsaturated?
Double bonds
Which structure is more packed?
Saturated
Where does fatty acid naming start (C#1) ?
At the carboxylic acid group
Which 2 fatty acids do humans not synthesize naturally?
- linoleic acid (omega 3)
2. linolenic acid (omega 6)
What are the fatty acids ingested in food?
ALA- a-linoleic acid
EPA- eicosapentaenoic acid
DHA-docosahexaenoic acid
How are the glycerol and fatty acids linked in triglycerides
An ester linkage
What 2 things are responsible for physical properties of fatty acids?
Fatty acid chain length and degree of saturation
How are waxes formed?
By condensation reactions b/w long fatty acids and alcohol hydrocarbon chains. Do not contain glycerol
What are phospholipids?
Phosphoric acid linked to diacylglycerol.
2 fatty acids linked by ester bond to hydroxyl,
Phosphoric acid linked to third.
What is the backbone of phospholipids?
Glycerol 3 phosphate
What is the major head group of eukaryotic cells?
Phosphatidylcholine
What bond is the head group linked through in phospholipids?
Phosphodiester linkage
What are sphingolipids?
Backbone is amino alcohol ; sphingosine attached are fatty acids by an amide linkage
How are polar head groups attached on in sphingolipids
Phospho-ester or glycosidic bond
What are the 2 major classes of biologically active lipids and what do they not have that other lipids do?
Prostaglandins and sterols.
They don’t have a glycerol backbone or fatty acids
What does A1 do?
Cleaves C1 ester linked fatty acid
What does A2 do?
Cleaves fatty acid 2
What does C do?
Cleaves C3 phosphoester linked phosphoric acid
What does D do?
Cleaves phosphoester linked head groups
What are the three types of lipid aggregates?
Micelles, liposomes and double bilayer
10 carbons or more forms what structure at room temperature?
Waxy
