Chapter 7 med term Flashcards
The Nervous system (83 cards)
1
Q
cephal/o
A
head
2
Q
cerebell/o
A
cerebellum
3
Q
cerebr/o, cerebr/i
A
cerebrum
4
Q
crani/o
A
cranium
5
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
6
Q
gangli/o
A
ganglion
7
Q
gli/o
A
neuroglia
8
Q
mening/o, meningi/o
A
meninges
9
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow, spinal cord
10
Q
neur/o, neur/i
A
nerve
11
Q
spin/o
A
spine
12
Q
thalam/o
A
thalamus
13
Q
vag/o
A
vagus nerve
14
Q
ventricul/o
A
ventircle
15
Q
nerve cell, neuron
A
Basic element of the nervous system
16
Q
neuron
A
basic element of the nervous system; highly specialized type of cells, vary function, shape, and size.
17
Q
cell body
A
Part of a nerve cell that has branches or fibers that reach out to send or receive impulses.
18
Q
dendrites
A
A thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body.
19
Q
axon
A
Part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.
20
Q
myelin sheath
A
Fatty tissue that covers axons.
21
Q
terminal end fibers
A
Group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaving the neuron to the next neuron.
22
Q
synapse
A
Space over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another.
23
Q
neurotransmitters
A
Various substances located in tiny sacs at the end of the axon.
24
Q
excitability
A
Ability to respond to stimuli.
25
stimulus
Anything that arouses a response.
26
conductivity
Ability to transmit a signal.
27
efferent (moto) neurons
carries information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system.
28
afferent (sensory) neurons
carries information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.
29
interneuron
carries and processes sensory information.
30
nerves
Bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body.
31
acetylcholine
chemical that stimulates cells
32
norepinephrine
hormone produced in response of stress
33
nerve impulse
Released energy that is received or transmitted by tissue or organs and that usually provokes a response.
34
receptors
Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses;
35
central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord
36
brain
body organ responsible for controlling the body's functions and interactions with outside stimuli
37
brainstem
division of the brain that controls certain heart, lung, and visual functions.
38
midbrain
part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes
39
pons
Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions.
40
medulla oblongata
Part of the brainstem that regulates heart and lung functions (swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing.)
41
cerebellum
division of the brain that coordinates musculoskeletal movement.
42
cerebrum
division of brain involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretations, and certain bodily movement.
43
cerebral cortex
outer portion of the cerebrum
44
fissure
one of many indentations of the cerebrum; sulcus.
45
convolutions
Folds in the cerebral cortex; gyri.
46
basal ganglia
Large masses of gray matter within the cerebrum.
47
frontal lobe
controls voluntary motor movements, emotional expression, and moral behavior
48
parietal lobe
controls and interprets the senses and taste
49
temporal lobe
controls memory, equilibrium, emotion, and hearing
50
occipital lobe
controls vision and various forms of expression
51
corpus callosum
bridge of nerve fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the cerebrum
52
dicencephalon
it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus.
53
thalamus
One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station
54
hypothalamus
One of the four parts of the diencephalon; gland in the nervous system that releases hormones to aid in regulating pituitary hormones.
55
epithalamus
One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.
56
ventral thalamus
One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.
57
cranium
bony structure that the brain sits in
58
cerebrospinal fluid
Watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord.
59
ventircle
Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid.
60
spinal cord
Ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column and from which spinal nerves extend.
61
meninges
Three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.
62
dura mater
Outermost layer of meninges.
63
arachnoid
middle layer of meninges
64
subdural space
Area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which the arachnoid runs.
65
pia mater
inner most layer of meninges
66
epidural space
Area between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord.
67
I olfactory
Sensory; involved in sense of smell
68
II optic
sensory; involved in sense of vision
69
III oculomotor
motor; involved in movement of eyes, controlling both the interior and exterior parts
70
IV trochlear
motor; involved in muscles that move the eyes
71
V trigeminal
sensory & motor; involved in eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, teeth, gums, lips, and muscles of the mouth
72
VI abducens
motor; involved with muscle conditioning
73
VII Facial
sensory & motor; involved with taste, facial expressions, tear glands, and salivary galnds
74
75
VIII vestibulocochlear
sensory; involved in equilibrium and hearing
76
IX glossopharyngeal
sensory & motor; involved in pharynx, tonsils, tongue, and carotid arteries; stimulates slavitoty glands
77
X vagus
sensory & motor; involved in speech, swallowing, heart muscles, smooth muscles, and certain glands
78
XI accessory (cranial & spinal)
motor; involved in muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, neck, and back
79
XII hypoglossal
motor; involved in muscles that move the tongue
80
cervical
neck; involved in muscles of the back of the head and neck in the diaphragm
81
brachial
lower neck, axilla; involved in the muscles and skin of the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand
82
lumbar
posterior abdominal wall; involved in abdominal skin and muscles
83
