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Psychology 1000 > Chapter 7 - Memory > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is memory illusion?

A

False but subjectively compelling memory

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2
Q

What is memory?

A

retention of information over time

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3
Q

What is sensory memory?

A

brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory

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4
Q

What is iconic memory?

A

visual sensory memory

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5
Q

What is short-term memory?

A

memory system that retains information for limited durations

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6
Q

What is decay?

A

Fading of information from memory over time.

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7
Q

What is interference?

A

loss of information from memory because of competition from additional information

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8
Q

What are the two types of intereference?

A

retroactive and proactive

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9
Q

What is retroactive interference?

A

Interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information.

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10
Q

What is proactive interference?

A

Interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information

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11
Q

What is the magic number?

A

The span of short-term memory: according to George Miller: seven plus or minus two pieces of information

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12
Q

What is chunking?

A

organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory

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13
Q

What is rehearsal?

A

repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory and promote the likelihood of transfer to long-term memory

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14
Q

What are the two major types of rehearsal?

A

maintenance and elaborative

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15
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

repeating stimuli in their original from to retain them in short-term memory

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16
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory

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17
Q

What are the levels of processing?

A

depth of transforming information, which influences how well we remember it

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18
Q

What is long-term memory?

A

relatively enduring (from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences and skills

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19
Q

What is permastore?

A

type of long-term memory that appears to be permanent

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20
Q

What is the primacy effect?

A

tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well

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21
Q

What is the recency effect?

A

tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well.

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22
Q

What is the Von Restorff effect?

A

tendency to remember stimuli that are distinctive or that stick out like sore thumbs from other stimuli

23
Q

What is serial position curve?

A

graph depicting both primacy/recency effects on prople’s ability to recall items on a list

24
Q

What is semantic memory?

A

our knowledge of facts about the world

25
Q

What is episodic memory?

A

recollection of events in our lives

26
Q

What is explicit memory?

A

memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness

27
Q

What is implicit memory?

A

memories we don’t deliberately remember or reflect on consciously

28
Q

What is procedural memory?

A

memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits

29
Q

What is priming?

A

our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we’ve encountered similar stimuli

30
Q

What is encoding?

A

process of getting information into our memory banks

31
Q

What is a mnemonic?

A

a learning aid, strategy, or device that enhances recall

32
Q

What is storage?

A

process of keeping information in memory

33
Q

What is a schema?

A

organized knowledge structure or mental model that we’ve stored in memory

34
Q

What is retrieval?

A

reactivation or reconstruction of experiences from our memory stores

35
Q

What are retrieval cues?

A

hints that makes it easier for us to recall information

36
Q

What is a recall?

A

generating previously remebered information

37
Q

What is recognition?

A

selecting previously remmebered information from an array of options

38
Q

What is relearning?

A

Reacquiring knowledge that we’d previously learned but largely forgotten over time

39
Q

What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

A

Experience of knowing that we know something but being unable to access it

40
Q

What is encoding specificity?

A

phenomenon of remembering something better when the conditions under which we retrieve information are similar to the conditions under which we encoded it.

41
Q

What is context-dependent learning?

A

superior retrieval of memories when the external context of the original memories matches the retrieval context

42
Q

What is state-dependent-learning?

A

Superior retrieval of memories when the organism is in the same physiological/psychological state as it was during encoding

43
Q

What is long-term potentiation?

A

Long-lasting strengthening of the connections between two neurons after synchronous activation

44
Q

What is long-term depression?

A

Long-lasting weakening of the connections between two neurons after low patterns of activation

45
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Loss of memories from our past

46
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Inability to encode new memories from our experiences

47
Q

What is meta-memory?

A

Knowledge about our own memory abilties and limitations

48
Q

what is infantile amnesia?

A

Inability of adults to remember experiences at an early age

49
Q

What is a flash-bulb memory?

A

Emotional memory that is extraordinary vivid/detailed

50
Q

What is source monitoring confusion?

A

Look of clarity about the origin of a memory

51
Q

What is cryptomnesia?

A

Failure to recognize that our ideas originated with someone else

52
Q

What is a suggestive memory technique?

A

Procedure that encourages patients to recall memories that may or may not have taken place

53
Q

What is a misinformation effect?

A

Creation of fictitious memories by providing misleading information about an event after it takes place

Psychology 1000 (14 decks)

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