Chapter 7 Memory Flashcards
(42 cards)
Name a patient who was unable to form new conscious memories due to a surgical procedure that removed much of his hippocampus to stop severe seizures?
Henry Molaison
What disease begins as a difficulty remembering new information that progresses onto the inability to do everyday tasks? Complex speech becomes simple sentences. Family members and close friends become strangers. The brain’s memory centers once strong become weak and wither away.
Alzheimer’s Disease
The average person permanently stores and recognizes about how many faces as of 2018?
5000 faces
What experiences can we recall details with high accuracy?
Recent experiences
What type of recognizer displays an extraordinary face-recognition ability?
Super-recognizers
What is memory?
An archive of accumulated learning. A system for holding information in mind and working on it that also receives and processes previously stored information.
What does memory enable us to do?
Enjoy an experience then mentally replay it and enjoy it again. The ongoing sense of self that extends from distant past to momentary present.
What does the information-processing model compare?
Compares human memory with a computers operations.
What are the steps of the information-processing model?
encode-get information into the brain…
store-retain that information…
retrieve-later get that information back out…
Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin proposed three memory formation stages?
- We first record to-be-remembered information as a fleeting sensory memory.
- From there, we process information into short-term memory, where we encode it through rehearsal.
- Finally, information moves into long-term memory for later retrieval.
What stage of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s memory formation stages does automatic processing skip?
Working/short-term memory
What stage of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s memory formation stages is sensory input assimilated?
External event toward sensory memory.
What stage of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s memory formation stages is attention to important or novel information assimilated?
The encoding process in-between sensory memory toward working/short-term memory.
What stage of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s memory formation stages does rehearsal and active maintenance occur?
Working/short-term memory.
What stage of Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s memory formation stages does encoding and retrieval both occur?
Encoding: working/short-term memory toward long-term memory storage.
Retrieving: long-term memory storage toward working/short-term memory.
Focused attention does what?
Allows integration of memory inputs with existing long-term memory and preventing the fading of information.
If information Is believed to be readily accessible people will expend less # and remember it # well?
People invested less energy in remembering it and they remembered it less well.
If you hear eye-scream you may?
Encode it as ice cream or I scream, depending on both your experience and the context.
Cultural traditions can influence what how we about information?
Cultural traditions influence how we encode and retrieve information.
Auditory rehearsal is a strategy of?
Repeating information
Working memory helps us integrate our previous…
Experiences to make smart decisions.
When information skips #stage of Atkinson-Shiffrin model to # without our awareness. These # memories form without our conscious effort. # memories formed through # bypass the # track of the two-track mind theme. Which is the # track?
When information skips the working/short-term memory stage of Atkinson-Shiffrin model to long-term memory storage without our awareness. These implicit (non-declarative) memories form without our conscious effort. Implicit memories formed through automatic processing bypass the conscious encoding track. Which is the first track.
When information is processed through Atkinson-Shiffrin # $ # $# $# -# #
#-
model. On the # track we process our # memories of the facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare. We encode many # memories through conscious, #. Which is the # track?
When information is processed through Atkinson-Shiffrin model.
External event. Add sensory input by, include string to. Sensory memory. Addor1 automatic processing by, include string to. Long-term memory storage. Add attention to important or novel information by, include string encoding to. Working/short-term memory. Addpostreturn rehearsal and active maintenance by, working/short-term memory. Include string encoding to. Long-term memory storage. Include string retrieving to. Working/short-term memory.
On the conscious track we process our explicit (declarative) memories of the facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare. We encode many explicit memories through conscious, effortful processing. Which is the second track.
Our two-track mind, then helps us # information through both # tracks. Which track is 1 and which track is 2?
Our two-track mind, then, helps us encode, store, and retrieve information through both automatic and effortful tracks. Track 1 is automatic. Track 2 is effortful.
