Chapter 7: Mood Disorders

Question 1

Mood Disorders

Answer 1

gross deviations in mood

Question 2

Anhedonia

Answer 2

depressed mood; lasts most of the day, nearly every day for 2 weeks

Question 3

What 4 things are needed in order to diagnose depressive episodes?

Answer 3

anhedonia/depressive mood, at least 4 additional physical or cognitive symptoms, significant distress or impairment in everyday functioning, no other medical explanation

Question 4

Manic Episode

Answer 4

elevated, expansive mood for at least 1 week

Question 5

Unipolar mood disorder

Answer 5

only one extreme of mood is experienced

Question 6

Bipolar mood disorder

Answer 6

both depressed and elevated moods are experienced

Question 7

Mixed features

Answer 7

mood episode with some elements reflecting the opposite valence of mood

Question 8

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 8

at least 1 major depressive episode separated by periods of remission, no manic/ hypomanic episodes, not due to schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Question 9

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthmia)

Answer 9

at least two years of depressive symptoms

Question 10

Acute Grief

Answer 10

occurs immediately after loss

Question 11

Integrated Grief

Answer 11

eventual coming to terms with meaning of the loss

Question 12

Complicated Grief

Answer 12

persistent acute grief with inability to come to terms with loss

Question 13

Advantage of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Diagnosis

Answer 13

legitimizes the difficulties some women face when symptoms are very severe

Question 14

Disadvantage of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Diagnosis

Answer 14

pathologizes an experience many consider to be normal

Question 15

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Answer 15

significant depressive symptoms occuring prior to menses during the majority of cycles, leading to distress or impairment

Question 16

An identical twin is ___ likely to develop a mood disorder than a fraternal twin if one twin has bipolar disorder.

Answer 16

more

Question 17

If one twin has unipolar disorder…

Answer 17

low chances to develop bipolar disorder for the other twin

Question 18

3 Biological Causes of Mood Disorders

Answer 18

neurotransmitter systems, endocrine system, sleep disturbance

Question 19

Psychological Cause of Mood Disorders

Answer 19

stressful life events can cause learned helplessness (lack of control -> anxiety -> depression)

Question 20

Mania

Answer 20

individuals find extreme pleasure in every activity

Question 21

Hypomanic Episode

Answer 21

a less severe version of a manic episode that does not cause marked impairment in social or occupational functioning; only lasts 4 days

Question 22

Double Depression

Answer 22

both major episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms

Question 23

Mood Congruent

Answer 23

hallucinations and delusions related to depression

Question 24

Mood Incongruent

Answer 24

hallucinations and delusions not consistent with the depressed mood

Question 25

catalepsy

Answer 25

muscles are waxy and semirigid

Question 26

Psychotic features specifiers

Answer 26

individual experiences psychotic symptoms (hallucinations and delusions)

Question 27

Anxious distress specifier

Answer 27

the presence and severity of accompanying anxiety

Question 28

Mixed features specifier

Answer 28

depressive episodes that have at least three symptoms of mania

Question 29

Melancholic features specifier

Answer 29

severe somatic (physical symptoms)

Question 30

Catatonic features specifier

Answer 30

involves an absence of movement

Question 31

Peripartum onset specifier

Answer 31

period of time just before and after birth

Question 32

Seasonal pattern specifier

Answer 32

depressive episodes that occur during certain seasons

Question 33

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Answer 33

seasonal pattern specifier that occurs for at least 2 years

Question 34

Mood Dysregulation Disorder

Answer 34

diagnosed in children with recurrent irritable or angry mood and severe temper outbursts that interfere with ability to function

Question 35

Biopolar II disorder

Answer 35

major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episodes rather than full manic episodes

Question 36

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 36

major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

Question 37

Cyclothymic Disorder

Answer 37

chronic alteration of mood elevation and depression that does not reach the severity of manic or major depressive episodes

Question 38

Last week, as he does about every 3 months, Ryan went out with his friends, buying rounds of drinks, socializing until early morning, and feeling on top of the world. Today Ryan will not even get out of bed to go to work, see his friends, or even turn on the lights.

Answer 38

bipolar I disorder

Question 39

Feeling certain he would win the lottery, Charles went on an all-night shopping spree, maxing out all his credit cards without a worry. We know he’s done this several times, feeling abnormally extreme elation, joy, and euphoria.

Answer 39

mania

Question 40

Ayana has had some mood disorder problems in the past, although some days she’s better than others. Many days it seems like she has fallen into a rut. Although she manages to get by, she has trouble making decisions because she doesn’t trust herself

Answer 40

persistent depressive disorder

Question 41

For the past few weeks, Jennifer has been sleeping a lot. She feels worthless, can’t get up the energy to leave the house, and has lost a lot of weight. Her problem is the most common and extreme mood disorder.

Answer 41

major depressive episode

Question 42

Eusebio is always down and a bit blue, but occasionally he becomes so depressed that nothing pleases him.

Answer 42

double depression

Question 43

internal depressive attributional style

Answer 43

the individual attributes negative events to personal feelings

Question 44

stable depressive attributional style

Answer 44

even after a particular negative event passes, the attribution that "additional bad things will always be my fault" remains

Question 45

global depressive attributional style

Answer 45

the attributions extend across a variety of issues

Question 46

depressive cognitive triad

Answer 46

person makes cognitive errors in thinking negatively about themselves, their immediate world, and their future