Chapter 7 - Motivation Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are motives?
Psychological entities that drive us to behave in ways that will help us meet our goals
Motives can be specific outcomes that people desire and are more fluid than stable personality traits.
What is the relationship between needs, motives, and goals?
Needs -> Motives -> Goals
Needs are something necessary to survive or thrive.
Define approach motivation.
Anticipating rewards for success (appetitive)
Aligns with extraversion, positive affect, and the Behavioral Approach System (BAS).
Define avoidance motivation.
Worrying about the negative consequences of failure (aversive)
Aligns with neuroticism, negative affect, and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS).
How do approach-oriented people tend to behave?
They tend to be high in extraversion and are more likely to fight for rewards
They have a higher tendency for approach motivation.
How do avoidance-oriented people tend to behave?
They tend to be high in neuroticism and are more likely to take flight from negative consequences
They tend to have lower self-esteem and life satisfaction.
What effect does body movement have on motivation?
Body movement seems to affect motivation, with movements toward oneself becoming more approach-oriented
Pushing arms away makes people rate strange foods as less appetizing.
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A pyramid illustrating that humans must fulfill their needs in a certain order, from basic physiological needs to self-actualization
It is a key concept in humanistic psychology.
List the major needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy.
- Physiological needs
- Safety and security
- Love and belongingness
- Self-Esteem
- Self-Actualization
Each higher need is built upon the fulfillment of lower needs.
What is self-actualization according to Maslow?
The need to “make actual” one’s unique talents and abilities
Very few people are believed to be fully self-actualized.
What did Carl Rogers believe about self-actualization?
People can get closer to self-actualization when they experience unconditional positive regard
Acceptance and love without conditions attached.
Define peak experiences.
Times when people can transcend themselves and feel one with the world
This is related to the flow state.
What is a flow state?
The smooth passage of time that occurs when you are completely immersed in an activity
It is characterized by time distortion, immense focus, and occasional self-transcendence.
What are implicit motives according to Henry Murray?
Unconscious motivations that drive behavior
Measured by storytelling in response to pictures, such as in the Thematic Apperception Test.
List the major implicit motives identified by Murray.
- Achievement (nAch)
- Affiliation (nAff)
- Power (nPow)
These motives influence behavior in various contexts.
What is self-determination theory?
A theory that identifies three fundamental needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness
Meeting these needs is essential for mental health and happiness.
Differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic goals.
- Extrinsic goals: Financial success, popularity or fame
- Intrinsic goals: Personal growth, affiliation, and community feeling
Focus on extrinsic goals can lead to anxiety and depression.
True or False: Implicit motives are primarily conscious.
False
Implicit motives are often unconscious, while explicit motives are conscious.
What is mindfulness?
Being aware of your thoughts and perceptions without clinging to them or judging them
Linked to positive affect and low anxiety.
