Chapter 7 - Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Muscular System…
A
- Made of muscle
- 650 muscles, about 40% of are body weight
- All muscles composed of muscle fibers
- Provides movement, body heat, storage of energy, protect the sheets of muscle, protect internal organs, alignments, position and shape of the body.
2
Q
Skeletal System…
A
- Made of bone, joints, tendons, cartilage and ligaments
- 206 bones in adults
- Provides protection (which surrounds body cavity), a framework for the body (shape & support), assist with movement (a places for muscle to attach to) and storage of minerals (calcium, potassium; gets release into the circulation as your body needs it)
3
Q
Musculoskeletal System…
A
- Help the body move, protect internal organs and keep us upright
4
Q
Skeletal muscle…
A
- Voluntary: its under are conscious control
- Appear striated or stripe
- Provides movement of are body
5
Q
Smooth muscle…
A
- Involuntary: it operate automatically
- Appears non-striated
- Help with mobility functions
6
Q
Cardiac muscle…
A
- Only found in the heart
- Involuntary: it operate automatically
- Causes contraction of heart muscle to maintain blood flow
7
Q
Excitability…
A
- The ability to receive and response to a stimulus
8
Q
Contractility…
A
- The ability to shorten or contract
- This is when the movement occurs
9
Q
Extensibility…
A
- The ability to stretch
10
Q
Elasticity…
A
- Able to stretch and return to its original shape and length
11
Q
Joints hold…and measure by…
A
- Bones firmly together, but still allow movement
- A degree like how much range of motion (ROM) someone can do
12
Q
Ligaments…
A
- Allow movement in some directions while restricting it in other directions
- Hold bones together either around or across a joint to keep it in place
- Fiber band and connected tissue
- Can tears and sprains
13
Q
Tendons…
A
- Non-elastic
- Go with a lot of force
- Can tears and sprains
14
Q
Fascia…
A
- Specialized flat band of tissue located just below the skin that covers and separates underlying tissues
15
Q
Cartilage…
A
- Semi-smooth, dense, supporting connective tissues that is found at the ends of the bones
- Absorbs energy for force of weight
- Press against the joint that prevents injury to joint, bone and cartilage.
16
Q
Bursae make it…
A
- possible for tissue to glide over each other without creating friction
17
Q
Back pain is…
A
- A very common condition
- Muscular and skeletal complain
18
Q
Symptoms of back pain include…
A
- Joint stiffness, inflammation, swollen, weight loss (orthopedic symptom), bone mass loss, form mate of bone, fatigue, weakness, tenderness and swollen joint and bone
19
Q
Back pain Tx depend on…
A
- The condition, immobility, range of motion(ROM) and loss of motion
20
Q
Fibromyalgia is…
A
- Chronic, very common
- It’s pain associated with stiffness and tenderness
- Will affect muscle, tendon and joints throughout the body
21
Q
Symptoms of Fibromyalgia include…
A
- Restless sleep (can’t get comfortable and constant pain), chronic pain(like depression and anxiety), stiffness, loss of motion (can’t brush teeth or open a jar)
- Symptoms can be very non-specific
22
Q
What is the cause of Fibromyalgia and what kind of test can diagnose it?
A
- Cause is unknown, difficult to diagnose
- Can take a long time to diagnose
- No specific test studies can diagnose it
- Usually you go to the lab to rule out other health conditions
- You may look fine on the outside
23
Q
Tx for Fibromyalgia…
A
- Warm shower, sitting in a warm pool, ice bath, walking, talking to someone or medications (take it early in the AM) for constant pain and help with stress
- Swimming, low impact exercise
- Get out and move for physical and mental pain
- Try and see what works
24
Q
Lordosis is…
A
- Excessive inward curvature of the spine
- Happen in the lower back
25
Cause of Lordosis...
- Pregnancy, obesity and some have it naturally, rapid skeletal growth that occurs without the necessary natural stretching of posterior soft tissues
26
Symptoms of Lordosis...
- Low back pain, muscle fatigue, tightness, numbness in leg, nerve in pitchmen
27
Tx for Lordosis...
- Brace, surgery, PT, spinal fusion, displacement osteotomy
| - Weight loss and exercise to strengthen abdominal muscles, if obesity is the cause
28
Kyphosis is...
- Abnormal excessive outward curve of the spine in the upper back (Buffalo hump)
- Very mild to very sever
29
Cause of Kyphosis...
- In children: believed to be developmental, tumors or tuberculosis of the vertebral bodies and ankylosing spondylitis
- Some are brought on by medical conditions like parkinson
30
How is Lordosis diagnose?
- X-ray, physical exam, and listening to the symptoms
31
Tx of Kyphosis...
- Braces, medications for pain, and exercise to strengthen the muscles and ligaments
32
Scoliosis is...
- Side wave curve of the spine
- Lateral curve
- Degeneration joint disease or degenerative
33
Symptoms of Kyphosis...
- Burning, mild pain, fatigue, tenderness along the spine and decrease mobility
34
How is Kyphosis diagnose?
- X-rays and clinical symptoms
35
Cause of Scoliosis...
- Injury or assault to the area, genetic in some cases, uneven leg lengths, muscle degeneration or paralysis, deformities of the vertebrae
- Women sometime shoulder are uneven
36
How is Scoliosis diagnose?
- Measure by a degree and X-rays
37
Tx for Scoliosis...
- Depend how mild or sever is or isn't
| - Exercise, brace, and surgery
38
Symptoms of Scoliosis...
- Back pain, fatigue and sometimes shortness of breath
39
What is Osteoarthritis(DJD)
- develops as a result of normal wear and tear on the joints
- Degeneration joint disease/ degeneration osteoarthritis
- Most common
- No known cause
40
What type of joint is Osteoarthritis(DJD)?
- A type that break down loss of cartilage in 1 or more joint specific of aging
- Happen as we age
- Wear and tear the joint
41
How is Osteoarthritis(DJD) diagnose?
- Pet Scan: for severely or not and what joint is affected
| - Listen to patient symptoms and what is the range of motion(ROM)
42
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis(DJD)...
- Soreness, aching, stiffness, edema, dull pain and deformity
43
Tx for Osteoarthritis(DJD)...
- Medication: take it before PT
- PT, drug therapy, walking, nutritional management and supportive care
- Ask what they have been doing for pain relieve and not doing for pain relieve? And what is working and not working?
44
Is there a cure for Osteoarthritis(DJD)?
- No cure, treat the symptoms so they can do daily things
45
Lyme Disease is...
- No one is immune
- Happen anywhere
- Ticks that bite and spread disease
- Usually happen in tall grasses, woody area and seasonal when they are around
- Caused by a spirochete bacterium
46
Who can get Lyme Disease?
- Human and animals can get them
47
What to do if you are in area with ticks?
- Wear long clothing
- Remove clothes or anything you have with you
- Check your clothes and on fold like toe, knee, scalp and behind ear
48
Symptoms of Lyme Disease...
- Like a flu or coming down with something, joint pain, swollen, fatigue, headache, run down, very tired, low grade fever, confusion and appetite changes
- Red, itchy rash with a red circle center
49
Tx for Lyme Disease...
- Early detection is key
- Remove the tick or go to the ER, if you know you got bit
- ABx, treat pain, bed rest, physical therapy
- Very treatable
50
Lyme Disease may have a...
- Long term affect
| - Very mild to sever
51
Gout causes...
- Sever to excruciating pain when attack occurs
| - an inherited abnormality of metabolism
52
Gout is...
- Chronic, it's due to an increase of amount of urine acid, over production of acid or your body isn't excrete the acid
- Very painful. comes out very quickly, very acute, pain can peak within hour and can be very sever
53
Who is Gout more common in?
- Frequent in men than women
- Men over age 30
- Women usually until post menopause average around 55-57
54
Where can you get Gout?
- You can get it anymore, common in lower extremities
55
Symptoms of Gout...
- Pain at the area, chills, fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting
- If prone to Gout, you can get flare up more than once
56
How is Gout diagonse?
- Microscopic examination of joint fluid
57
Tx for Gout...
- Control pain, bed rest, diary products, adequate fluid intake, elevate area, immobility the area, ice pack, steroid and exercise
- Medication (If you got it Gout before and take it everyday)
- Weight loss: if on your lower extremities
- Limit alcohol intake
58
Education for patient with Gout...
- Weight loss, give a list of food or where to get it, what is safe and isn't?
59
Osteoporosis is...
- Loss of normal bone density
60
Osteoporosis caused by...
- The imbalance between the breakdown of old bone tissue and the manufacture of new bone
61
Who is more increase in Osteoporosis?
- Increase in women: post menopause with Hx, small bone, Asian or Northern European
- Increase in smoker
- Genetic link
62
How is Osteoporosis diagnose?
- Hx: have a bone scan
| - If detected, further evaluated for hormone imbalances, kidney disease, diet inadequacy and use of certain medications
63
Symptoms of Osteoporosis...
- Very mild to very sever pain: where you sneeze/cough and break a vertebrae)
- Sometime no pain if occurs in the vertebrae or weight-bearing bones
- Sometime spontaneous fractures
64
Tx for Osteoporosis...
- Depend on the cause
- Estrogen replacement therapy (postmenopausal osteoporosis)
- Treat symptoms
- Calcium diet, Vitamin D
- PT
- Gentle exercise plan
65
What can you ask Osteoporosis patient...
- What medication are they taking
- What other health condition do they have
- Severely of pain and mobility
66
Fracture...
- There are many types
| - It's a broken bone
67
Cause of Fracture...
- Any force, external or internal, that disrupts the continuity of the bone
68
Symptoms of Fracture...
- Temperature change, feels numb, tingly, feels colder in that area, edema, tenderness, pain and inability to move the affected part
69
Tx for Fractures...
- Make sure the person is safe
- Cast, brace and support device
- Depends on the location, severity, type and cause
- Medication for pain
70
Patient education for Fracture...
- Make sure they know how to take a support device off and on
71
Strains is...
- Injury tendon or muscle, can be because of over used, over stretching or excessive force
72
Sprains is...
- Acute tear of a ligament
73
Strain and Sprains can be...
- Acute or chronic
74
Symptoms of Strains and Sprains...
- Localized pain, weakness, numbness and possibly edema around the area, tingly and temperature changes
75
Tx for Strains and Sprains...
- Depend on the severity and type of injury
- Medication for pain
- Ice or heat, elevate and rest the area
- Ant-inflammatory or analgesics
76
Patient education for Strains and Sprains...
- Make sure they know how long to leave the ice or heat on for, like ice for 24 hrs (every 15-20 mins every hour if available) then heat as tolerate
- Make sure its not too cold or hot
- Time so be patient
77
Dislocations is...
- A force able displacement of a bone from its joint
| - Need immediate attention
78
Symptoms of Dislocations...
- Extreme painful, red and bruises
- Can have loss of function
- If cannot use, it can become immovable
79
Cause of Dislocations...
- Usually a severe injury that exerts force great enough to tear the joint ligaments
80
Tx of Dislocations...
- Put it back in place; immediate relieve pain when it go back in
- Medication for pain
81
Plantar Fasciitis is...
- Heel spur syndrome
| - Inflammatory condition of the bottom of the heel bone called Calcaneus
82
Who is Plantar Fasciitis more common in?
- Very common in those that are trainer runner, very active in sports, recent surgery and boots
83
Plantar Fasciitis can be...
- Very chronic
- Can have episode of flare up
- Easy to treat
84
Symptoms of Plantar Fasciitis...
- Begin as a dull, intermittent pain on the bottom of the foot, which can progress to a sharp persistent pain
- Heel pain
85
How does Plantar Fasciitis occur?
- Usually when part of the inflexible fascia is repeatedly placed under tension
86
Tx for Plantar Fasciitis...
- Wear the correct shoe, lifter in shoe, elevate foot and pain medication and apply ice
- PT: strengthen the muscle area
87
Ganglion is...
- A sac fluid fill cyst full, color less fluid to it
- Can be semi-solid fluid
- Usually you can see it
- Underlying cause is unknown
- Can reoccur
88
How common is Ganglion and where?
- Very common
- Benign
- On the back of the wrist
89
Symptoms of Ganglion...
- A single smooth lump, just under the surface of the skin
- May be soft to the touch or firm
- Usually painless or only somewhat bothersome
90
What will the physician try to do, if you have Ganglion?
- They will to see if there is any loss of function and if it can be remove
91
Torn Meniscus is...
- A crack or fissure that result of wear and tear
| - Need immediate attention
92
Symptoms of Torn Meniscus...
- Acute pain: when putting full weight on the affected leg
- Full flexion of the affected knee may be difficult
- Pain with full extension
- Extreme pain, decrease or loss in function, loss of sleep
93
Where is Torn Meniscus more common and cause?
- Very common on the knee
| - Related to sport injuries
94
Tx for Torn Meniscus...
- PT, Surgery, Ant-inflammatory, rehab, medication for pain. immobilized immediately and elevated with ice applied
95
How many tendons are in the Rotator Cuff Tears?
- 4 tendons to the Rotator Cuff
| - Its in the shoulder
96
What happen if there is a tear in the Rotator Cuff tendons?
- Tear in any, will limit your shoulder function
| - Can happen over time and injury
97
Symptoms of Rotator Cuff...
- Acute pain
- Tears can result from acute trauma or from degenerative changes with age
- Snapping sound
98
What will the physician look at...
- Hx, symptoms, physical exam, MRI and range of motion(ROM)
| - How, where, how is the patient treating it?
99
Treatment for Rotator Cuff Tears...
- PT, surgery, massage, medication for pain, ice and hot
