Chapter 7 - OCD and Trauma Disorders

Question 1

TRUE OR FALSE: Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders are defined by repetitive thoughts and behaviors so extreme that they interfere with everyday life.

Answer 1

TRUE.

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: In the DSM-IV-TR, OC and related, as well as trauma disorders are put in a separate category from anxiety disorders.

Answer 2

FALSE.

OC and related, and trauma disorders are actually placed in the same category in the DSM-IV-TR. It is in the DSM-5 where new chapters for these were made.

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: OC and related, and trauma disorders have overlaps with anxiety disorders.

Answer 3

TRUE.

The authors of the DSM-5 actually placed the OC and related, and trauma disorders beside the next to the anxiety disorders to highlight that there is some overlap.

Question 4

What is the term for repetitive thoughts and urges that are persistent and uncontrollable?

Answer 4

Obsessions.

Question 5

What is the term for the irrestible need to engage in repetitive behaviors and mental acts?

Answer 5

Compulsions.

Question 6

What are three characteristics of the behaviors of the three OCD conditions?

Answer 6

They are distressing, they feel uncontrollable, and they require a considerable amount of time.

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE: Up to a third of people with body dysmorphic disorder, and a fourth of people with hoarding disorder will meet diagnostic criteria for OCD.

Answer 7

TRUE.

Question 8

What obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with an imagined flaw in one’s appearance?

Answer 8

Body dysmorphic disorder.

Question 9

Which obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by acquiring an excessive number of objects and an inability to part with those objects?

Answer 9

Hoarding disorder.

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE: OCD tends to begin in late adulthood.

Answer 10

FALSE.

OCD tends to begin either before age 10 or else in late adolescence/early adulthood.

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE: OCD is slightly more common among men than women.

Answer 11

FALSE.

It is slightly more common among women than men.

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE: More than three-quarters of people with OCD meet criteria for comorbid anxiety disorders during their lifetime, and two-thirds meet criteria for major depression.

Answer 12

TRUE.

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE: Body dysmorphia disorder typically begins in childhood.

Answer 13

FALSE.

It typically begins in late adolescence.

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE: Body dysmorphia disorder is synonymous with an eating disorder.

Answer 14

FALSE.

This is because body dysmorphia disorders do not only focus on one’s own shape and weight. They focus on appearance as well.

Question 15

More than actually collecting and collecting items, in hoarding disorder, what is bigger problem?

Answer 15

Those with hoarding disorder abhor parting with their objects, even when others cannot see any potential value in them.

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE: Hoarding was not recognized as a diagnosis until the DSM-5.

Answer 16

TRUE.

Question 17

What are the three areas in the brain which are unusually active in people with OCD?

Answer 17

The orbitofrontal cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the anterior cingulate. (Orbs Cause Neurotic Anti-Singleness)

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE: Heritability ranges from 60-80% in OCD.

Answer 18

FALSE.

It’s 30-50%.

Question 19

What is defined as a subjective feeling of knowing something is enough?

Answer 19

Yedasentience.

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE: Trying to suppress a thought may have the paradoxical effect of inducing preoccupation with it.

Answer 20

TRUE.

Question 21

TRUE OR FALSE: Research has shown that people with OCD tend to believe more that thinking more about something will make it more likely to occur.

Answer 21

TRUE.

In effect, they would try to suppress the thought, but that would only end up making it more persistent.

Question 22

How are compulsions reinforced via operant conditioning?

Answer 22

These compulsions reduce the anxiety, so they do these more and more.

Question 23

TRUE OR FALSE: Those with BDD consider the whole of the face they are looking at.

Answer 23

FALSE.

They do not consider the gestalt. They are often preoccupied with small details, features, and flaws.

Question 24

What are the most commonly-used medications for OC and related disorders?

Answer 24

Seretonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs).

Question 25

What is the most widely used psychological treatment for the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?

Answer 25

Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

Question 26

What is the main drive behind cognitive approaches to OCD?

Answer 26

Challenging people's beliefs about what will happen if they do not engage in rituals.

Question 27

What disorder entails an extreme respone to a severe stressor, which includes increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptosm of increased arousal?

Answer 27

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 28

For women, what is the most common type of trauma preceding PTSD?

Answer 28

Rape.

Question 29

In the DSM-5, what are the four major categories which the symptoms for PTSD are grouped into?

Answer 29

Intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and increased arousal and reactivity (I avoid negative alterations and positive arousals)

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE: In the DSM-5, it is required that a person experience intense emotion a the time of the trauma.

Answer 30

FALSE. This was stated in the DSM-IV-TR, but this is removed in the DSM-5 as many who are diagnosed with PTSD reported feeling as though they were detached from their self or emotions at the time of the trauma.

Question 31

When is acute stress disorder (ASD) diagnosed?

Answer 31

It is diagnosed when symptoms occur between 3 days and 1 month after a trauma.

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE: Acute stress disorder's symptoms are fairly similar to those of PTSD, but the duration is shorter.

Answer 32

TRUE.

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE: Most people who go on to meet diagonstic criteria for PTSD do not experience ASD in the first month after trauma.

Answer 33

TRUE.

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE: Men are more likely to experience PTSD as are women.

Answer 34

FALSE. Women are more likely to experience PTSD.

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE: 1/3 of people who develop PTSD have a history of another anxiety disorder.

Answer 35

FALSE. It is two-thirds!

Question 36

TRUE OR FALSE: Among individuals who have been exposed to traumas, those who have been exposed to the most severe traumas will most likely develop PTSD.

Answer 36

TRUE.

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE: Trauas caused by humans are more likely to cause PTSD than are natural disasters.

Answer 37

TRUE.

Question 38

What part of the brain si known for its role in memories related to emotions?

Answer 38

The hippocampus.

Question 39

TRUE OR FALSE: A larger hippocampal volume may mean a greater likelihood of developing PTSD.

Answer 39

False. A smaller hippocampal volume corresponds to the rest of the statement.

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE: According to a study about PTSD in women who experienced sexual abuse, those with high dissasociation were much more likely to have PTSD symptoms than those with low disassociation.

Answer 40

TRUE.

Question 41

When it comes to medications, what has received strong support as a treatment for PTSD?

Answer 41

Selective seretonergi reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's)

Question 42

What is a type of exposure wherein a person deliberately remembers a traumatic event?

Answer 42

Imaginal exposure.

Question 43

TRUE OR FALSE: Cognitive restructuring appears to work better in treating PTSD rather than exposure therapy.

Answer 43

FALSE. Exposure therapy appears to work better than cognitive restructuring.

Question 44

What is cognitive therapy particularly helpful in addressing when it comes to PTSD?

Answer 44

Guilt.