Chapter 7 Review

Question 1

13th amendment

Answer 1

(1865)

• abolishment of slavery
• Emancipation Proclamation becomes official

Question 2

14th amendment

Answer 2

(1868)

• ensures citizenship for African Americans
• takes power to grant citizenship away from states and gives it to federal government
• no state may deprive person of life, liberty, or property without due process
• known as the “Second Bill of Rights”
• still does not mean equality
  
  • individual citizens continue discrimination

Question 3

15th amendment

Answer 3

(1870)

-states may not deny the right to vote based on race, color, previous condition of servitude

Question 4

24th amendment

Answer 4

(1964)

• abolition of poll taxes-(fee to vote)
  
  • states found ways around 15th amendment

Question 5

women and the right to vote

Answer 5

• could not vote
• women began working outside the home
  
  • women were becoming socially active

Question 6

suffrage

Answer 6

women’s rights to vote

Question 7

19th amendment

Answer 7

(1920)

-women’s rights to vote

Question 8

Why was the 26th amendment passed?

Answer 8

men were drafted at 18, because of the Vietnam War, but could not vote until they were 21

Question 9

26th amendment

Answer 9

(1971)

-18 year old right to vote

Question 10

What are some amendments proposed today?

Answer 10

• no electoral college
• gay marriage
• health care
• balanced budget
• prayer in school
• equal treatment of males & females

Question 11

11th amendment

Answer 11

• lawsuits against states
• came about because the states feared a loss of authority if they could be sued in federal courts by foreigners or by citizens of other states

Question 12

12th amendment

Answer 12

• separate voting for President and Vice-President

- separate electoral voting for President and Vice-President

Question 13

16th amendment

Answer 13

• income taxes

- allows income taxes to be levied on individuals and corporations without regard to the populations of the states

Question 14

17th amendment

Answer 14

• direct election of senators

- senators were elected by state legislatures, now it’s direct

Question 15

18th amendment

Answer 15

• prohibition

- manufacturing, selling, and transporting alcoholic beverages is illegal

Question 16

20th amendment

Answer 16

• lame duck
• Presidential term used to end on March 3
  
  • now it’s January 20th

Question 17

21st amendment

Answer 17

• repeal of national prohibition

- national prohibition is no longer required by law

Question 18

22nd amendment

Answer 18

• number of presidential terms

- no President can be elected more than twice (8 years)

Question 19

23rd amendment

Answer 19

• electoral votes for D.C.

- D.C. receives 3 electoral votes

Question 20

25th amendment

Answer 20

• presidential disability and succession

- Vice-President becomes President, if President dies/resigns

Question 21

27th amendment

Answer 21

• congressional salaries

- Congress’s raise won’t go into effect until after the next election for House of Representatives

Question 22

What does it mean that the constitution is flexible?

Answer 22

It can change with the times.

Question 23

What is the role of the Supreme Court?

Answer 23

to have the final say over whether government officials and other citizens have correctly followed constitutional principles

Question 24

Equal protection

Answer 24

people must be treated fairly, but it does not mean that everyone must be treated exactly the same

Question 25

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 25

(1896) - involved a man named Homer Plessy who refused to leave a "whites only" car, because he thought that segregation violated his right to equal protection - the court ruled that the law did not violate the 14th amendment as long as the cars for blacks and whites were of equal quality

Question 26

Dred Scott decision

Answer 26

- slaves are property and can be taken anywhere - erased MO compromise - protected slavery

Question 27

Segregation

Answer 27

separation of blacks and whites in public places such as hotels, schools, restaurants, and trains

Question 28

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 28

a lawyer for the NAACP and other lawyers brought before the Court several cases that were separated but equal in quality to force the Court to decide whether "separate but equal" facilities truly represented "equal protection"

Question 29

NAACP

Answer 29

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Question 30

Brown v. Board of Education Topeka

Answer 30

(1954) - Linda Brown, an African American girl lived closer to a school for white children and her parents took the school to court when they didn't let her attend - court ruled that separate educational facilities were "inherently by their nature, unequal" and therefore violated equal protection

Question 31

Affirmative Action

Answer 31

steps to counteract the effects of past racial discrimination and discrimination against women

Question 32

University of CA Regents v. Bakke

Answer 32

- Allan Bakke,a white applicant, was rejected to the University, even though he had higher test scores and interview ratings than some - court ruled that it was unconstitutional for an admission program to discriminate against whites because of their race, but could be one of the factors considered if the school wanted a more diverse population

Question 33

Phillips v. Martin Marietta corp.

Answer 33

- Ida Phillips applied for a job with the corporation, but they denied her the position, because she had children - she sued and won, because the company couldn't have "one hiring policy for women and another for men"

Question 34

Explain how "We the People" has broadened through the years. (Include what it used to mean and what it means today)

Answer 34

13th amendment abolished slavery-African Americans were free 14th amendment-African Americans became citizens 15th amendment-no denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude 24th amendment-no poll taxes-(fee to vote) 19th amendment-women can vote 26th amendment-18 year olds can vote, because they are drafted at that age Plessy v. Ferguson-Plessy refused to leave a whites only car-court ruled it was constitutional as long as they were of equal quality Brown v. BOE-Linda Brown wasn't allowed to a white school-court ruled that being separated was by its nature, unequal, so it was unconstitutional Now we the people is for all U.S. citizens