Chapter 7: Sampling and Surveys

Question 1

When is it necessary to use probability sampling?

Answer 1

When it is important to accurately describe the population

Question 2

Representativeness
(definition)

Question 3

What are the 6 types of sampling? (3 probability, 3 non-probability)

Answer 3

Probability

• Simple random
• Stratified random
• Cluster (sub-groups)

Non-probability

• Convenience/Haphazard
• Purposive
• Quota

Question 4

Why would we use a convenience sample?

Answer 4

• More interested in testing hypotheses about behavior: attempting to detect whether X causes Y rather than describing a population
• Relationships between the variables being studied and tests of predictions derived from theories of behavior
• (our exercise/stress survey)
• Participants easy to find

Question 5

Five things to avoid in survey questions:

Answer 5

• negative wording, overly complex language, double-barreled, loaded questions, leading q’s

Remember: [it’s negative to lead someone to a loaded, double-barreled shotgun, and complex]

Question 6

Population
(definition)

Answer 6

The group to which the researcher would like the results of a study to be generalizable; it includes all individuals with certain specified characteristics.

Question 7

Sample

(definition)

Answer 7

The group from which data are obtained

Question 8

How is the importance of sample size different in probability vs. non-probability sampling?

Answer 8

• In probability sampling, need larger sample sizes because the sampling is random, ensure that the sample is representative of the population.
• In non-probability sampling you do not have a random sample so you can use smaller sample sizes.

Question 9

What is random sampling? (not to be confused with random assignment)

Answer 9

Sampling technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen

Question 10

Sampling frame
(definition)

Answer 10

The list of items from which a random sample is obtained
Example: list of all students enrolled at Loyola